Hybrid energy scenarios for residential applications based on the heat pump split air-conditioning units for operation in the Mediterranean climate conditions

This paper elaborates different hybrid energy scenarios for applications in small or medium residential building facilities in typical Mediterranean climate conditions. Proposed hybrid energy solutions are based on the split air conditioning units as they are the most used individually energy sources able to cover heating and cooling demands in residential building facilities in considered climate conditions. Four different hybrid energy options have been analysed as they represent highly efficient energy solutions that could reduce overall energy consumption as well as also carbon dioxide emissions from residential sector. For each proposed energy solution a technical aspect was addressed, as well as also an economic aspect through obtained LCOE analysis. Therefore, the proposed and analysed hybrid energy concepts turned out to be a viable energy solution for residential applications as calculated LCOE was competitive with current retail prices of electricity on the EU market. The calculated LCOE ranged from 0.036 €/kWh up to 0.159 €/kWh, depending from the considered hybrid energy solution. The solution with the modified split heat pump system turned out to be most favourable. However, as each solution is characteristic one an additional evaluation framework was developed. Finally, the results of this study could be useful as examples of good practice as well as also a useful guidance for policy makers.