Questionnaires and simulations to assess daylighting in Italian university classrooms for IEQ and energy issues

Results from the DAYKE-Italy project are presented. An investigation on daylighting in eight classrooms in five Italian universities was carried out through a combined approach: an ad-hoc survey administered to students to investigate how they perceive daylight in classroom, and numerical simulations (DIVA+ALFA) to calculate a set of objective metrics (daylight, circadian, and energy-related). A sample of 542 questionnaires was collected through two sessions and the subjective judgments were correlated to objective metrics. Results from descriptive and statistical analyses showed: (i) the correlation was significant for all daylight metrics: among them, average daylight factor and annual light exposure performed higher correlations compared to daylight autonomy, spatial daylight autonomy and useful daylight illuminance; (ii) rooms with a scarce or an optimal daylight provision (according to standards) were rated with comparable subjective score; (iii) the equivalent melanopic lux showed a higher correlation than daylight metrics based on the horizontal workplane; (iv) energy saving up to 50% can be achieved in the presence of high daylight provision and through daylight responsive controls; however, a relamping of fluorescent systems with LED system is recommended to optimize the consumption; furthermore, estimated saving correlated significantly with objective metrics.