The leafroll disease, caused by GLRaV-3 viruses in most grapevine growing regions of the world, has become major problem of the Israeli vineyard industry in last two decades. The suggested strategy to cope with this problem in newly established vineyards constitutes the use of free leafroll virus breeding stock and a drastically reduction of the population of the major GLRaV-3 vector, the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera; Pseudococcidae). The mealybug management in this system relies on methods which aim at slowing the establishment and the spread of the mealybug population. Application of pheromone traps has become a routine practice, intended to detect the establishment of the mealybug in young vineyards. Since occurrences of new mealybug hot spots are expected, these spots must be detected and eliminated before further spreading of the mealybug population. Management of the vine mealybug population in this environment is based on several actions: 1) Monitoring the infestation and seasonal trend of the mealybug population by study of the male density and flight fluctuation and the occurrence of the parasitoid Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci, using traps baited with the female sex pheromone; 2) Detection of the mealybug hot spots by a procedure named "targeted monitoring". This procedure involves setting four pheromone traps, each covering one-quarter of the vineyard area of 1.6 Ha; after a week of trap setting the captured male are counted and the four traps are re-distributed in the part of the area where the highest male trapping is detected. After three rounds; a minimum area where the mealybug hot spot exists is determined; 3) Concentrating the control efforts on these small areas by applying repeatedly suitable insecticides. Further development is still needed for accurate discovery of the small hot spots to make it applicable for commercial use. Our monitoring findings suggest that in young vineyards much of the mealybug population cannot be directly sampled due to its underground occurrence on the vine roots.
The basis for targeted monitoring as an approach for management of early infestation of the vine mealybug in young vineyards
SUMA, POMPEO;
2012-01-01
Abstract
The leafroll disease, caused by GLRaV-3 viruses in most grapevine growing regions of the world, has become major problem of the Israeli vineyard industry in last two decades. The suggested strategy to cope with this problem in newly established vineyards constitutes the use of free leafroll virus breeding stock and a drastically reduction of the population of the major GLRaV-3 vector, the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera; Pseudococcidae). The mealybug management in this system relies on methods which aim at slowing the establishment and the spread of the mealybug population. Application of pheromone traps has become a routine practice, intended to detect the establishment of the mealybug in young vineyards. Since occurrences of new mealybug hot spots are expected, these spots must be detected and eliminated before further spreading of the mealybug population. Management of the vine mealybug population in this environment is based on several actions: 1) Monitoring the infestation and seasonal trend of the mealybug population by study of the male density and flight fluctuation and the occurrence of the parasitoid Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci, using traps baited with the female sex pheromone; 2) Detection of the mealybug hot spots by a procedure named "targeted monitoring". This procedure involves setting four pheromone traps, each covering one-quarter of the vineyard area of 1.6 Ha; after a week of trap setting the captured male are counted and the four traps are re-distributed in the part of the area where the highest male trapping is detected. After three rounds; a minimum area where the mealybug hot spot exists is determined; 3) Concentrating the control efforts on these small areas by applying repeatedly suitable insecticides. Further development is still needed for accurate discovery of the small hot spots to make it applicable for commercial use. Our monitoring findings suggest that in young vineyards much of the mealybug population cannot be directly sampled due to its underground occurrence on the vine roots.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
