Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a haematological disease characterized by the proliferation of blast cells. Based on induction therapy response, patients can be classified as Primary Induction Response (PIR) or Primary Induction Failure (PIF). We analysed the global profile of gene expression in children with PIF- AML, in order to detect molecular pathways disfunctions and identify potential therapeutic targets. NUP98 gene-fusion products (NUP98 rearrangements) are enriched in PIF-AML pediatric patients1–3: therefore, we analysed different RNA- seq datasets to investigate the involvement of NUP98-rearrangements in PIF and confirmed these results in our local cohort of PIF and PIR patients. Among nine overexpressed genes, SPINK2 appears also up-regulated in adult cohort. This gene encodes for Serin-Protease Inhibitor Kazal-type, physiologically expressed in testis where it quenches early activation of the serin-protease acrosin. The expression of SPINK2 in leukemia cells prompted us to investigate it in normal bone marrow cells. Single cell RNA-seq analysis revealed high levels of SPINK2 in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The quantitative analysis in human mobilized CD34+ cells, harvested from peripheral blood and purified by immunomagnetic beads, confirmed a 600-fold enrichment of SPINK2 mRNA in CD34+ compared to mononuclear CD34- cells. Therefore, we investigated the expression of SPINK2 in human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines, founding its expression only in Jurkat cell line. The enzyme inhibitory kinetic properties of SPINK2 (competitive and temporary inhibition) have been examined in vitro on a chemically modified trypsin resistant to self-degradation and potential serin- protease targets expressed in bone marrow HSCs have been identified. On the basis of these data a model of the physiological role of SPINK2 in HSCs and its pathological role in leukemic condition is suggested.
La Leucemia Mieloide Acuta (LAM) è una forma di sindrome mieloproliferativa che scaturisce da un’abnorme proliferazione delle cellule del sistema ematopoietico, chiamate blasti. Un ristretto gruppo di pazienti affetti da LAM non risponde alla terapia di induzione primaria, volta a ridurre il numero di blasti al di sotto del 5% nel midollo osseo, e sono per questo detti “Primary Induction Failure” (PIF). Questo studio origina dall’individuazione di alterazioni molecolari caratterizzanti la condizione PIF-LAM: utilizzando dati di RNA-seq e microarray, appartenenti a tre differenti coorti di pazienti pediatrici, sono stati individuati geni differenzialmente espressi (DEGs) sia in soggetti con riarrangiamenti NUP98, spesso presenti nella condizione PIF-LAM, sia in pazienti PIF. Tra questi, SPINK2 rappresenta il trascritto maggiormente espresso nei soggetti PIF-LAM. Questo gene codifica per un inibitore di serin-proteasi tripsina-simili, appartenente alla famiglia SPINK (Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-type). SPINK2 è tipicamente noto come inibitore dell’attivazione prematura dell’acrosina nello spermatozoo; tuttavia, in questo lavoro di tesi tramite analisi di single-cell RNA-seq sono stati rilevati alti livelli di espressione di SPINK2 nelle cellule CD34+ del midollo osseo; tale arricchimento è stato confermato tramite qRT-PCR su cellule CD34+, raccolte da sangue periferico e purificate tramite biglie immunomagnetiche. Inoltre, combinando modelli matematici e risultati sperimentali di cinetica enzimatica è stato possibile determinare le costanti cinetiche dell’inibizione temporanea in un sistema modello composto dalla proteina ricombinante umana SPINK2 e da tripsina resistente all’auto-degradazione. Questi dati hanno consentito di proporre un ruolo fisiologico di SPINK2 nell’ematopoiesi normale e un suo coinvolgimento nella chemioresistenza dei blasti della LAM.
Identification of SPINK2 as biomarker of primary chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia and its biochemical role in normal bone marrow / DI BELLA, VIRGINIA CHIARA. - (2022 Nov 23).
Identification of SPINK2 as biomarker of primary chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia and its biochemical role in normal bone marrow.
DI BELLA, VIRGINIA CHIARA
2022-11-23
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a haematological disease characterized by the proliferation of blast cells. Based on induction therapy response, patients can be classified as Primary Induction Response (PIR) or Primary Induction Failure (PIF). We analysed the global profile of gene expression in children with PIF- AML, in order to detect molecular pathways disfunctions and identify potential therapeutic targets. NUP98 gene-fusion products (NUP98 rearrangements) are enriched in PIF-AML pediatric patients1–3: therefore, we analysed different RNA- seq datasets to investigate the involvement of NUP98-rearrangements in PIF and confirmed these results in our local cohort of PIF and PIR patients. Among nine overexpressed genes, SPINK2 appears also up-regulated in adult cohort. This gene encodes for Serin-Protease Inhibitor Kazal-type, physiologically expressed in testis where it quenches early activation of the serin-protease acrosin. The expression of SPINK2 in leukemia cells prompted us to investigate it in normal bone marrow cells. Single cell RNA-seq analysis revealed high levels of SPINK2 in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The quantitative analysis in human mobilized CD34+ cells, harvested from peripheral blood and purified by immunomagnetic beads, confirmed a 600-fold enrichment of SPINK2 mRNA in CD34+ compared to mononuclear CD34- cells. Therefore, we investigated the expression of SPINK2 in human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines, founding its expression only in Jurkat cell line. The enzyme inhibitory kinetic properties of SPINK2 (competitive and temporary inhibition) have been examined in vitro on a chemically modified trypsin resistant to self-degradation and potential serin- protease targets expressed in bone marrow HSCs have been identified. On the basis of these data a model of the physiological role of SPINK2 in HSCs and its pathological role in leukemic condition is suggested.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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