Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and pathogenic organism, adapted to survive in many niches and causing, by the production of a large array of virulence factors, a wide variety of human and animal infections such as Atopic Dermatitis (AD), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), and Bovine Mastitis (BM). The aim of our study was to analyze the biofilm-formation capacity and the virulence-gene content of three different S.aureus groups, collected from sputum of Cystic Fibrosis patients (CF clinical group), lesions or skin of patients affected by Atopic Dermatitis (AD clinical group) and from mammary-gland epithelium of cows affected by Bovine Mastitis (BM animal group) to determine their similarities/differences in terms of antimicrobial-resistance profiles, biofilm production ability, virulence determinant distribution and combinations, and to evaluate if the genetic background of the microrganisms could to be linked to a specific type of infection. Our results show that all samples from the three groups studied were mainly constituted by Methicillin-Susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) strains, whereas Methicillin-Resistant S.aureus isolates (MRSA), were found only in the CF clinical group and the BM animal group, in percentages of 7.8% and 7.14%, respectively. In the CF clinical group, agr-I and II were equally distributed (29 and 30%, respectively) whereas, a prevalence of microrganisms belonging to agr-I genotype, in the AD clinical group strains (42%) and in the BM animal group (89%) was evident. Biofilm production assays showed a higher number of biofilm producer strains, belonging mainly to agr-I, in the AD (88%) and CF (80.73%) clinical groups compared to the BM animal one (64.28%). A different distribution of cap5/8 was found among the same agr-genotypes, only in both AD and CF clinical groups. All S.aureus strains possessed a chromosomal ¿core¿ of virulence genes (icaA, atl, sdrC, clfA/B, and spa adhesion genes, and ¿-toxin, ¿-toxin, and ¿-toxin genes) and an ¿accessory¿ virulence group, present in variable quantity (sdrE, cna, and fnbA adhesion genes, and sea, sec, sed, seq, sek, sej, eta, tst, and lukS/F toxins genes), prevalent in a different manner within all three groups. Studies of gene associations evidenced a specific distribution of accessory virulence determinants both among the four different agr-genotypes, and two capsular antigen types in the AD and CF clinical groups. Moreover, the analysis of the associations among accessory virulence genes showed a prevalence of adhesin genes, strongly associated among themselves, and with one or more accessory toxin genes i.e. sea and tst in the CF clinical group; sea, sec, sej, sek, seq, and tst in the AD clinical group. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that specific virulence backgrounds are strongly related to the capacity of S.aureus to colonize specific host districts, such as CF patient lung, AD patient skin and bovine mammary gland, defining ¿infection-specific¿ strains, able to induce diverse diseases.
Staphylococcus aureus rappresenta uno dei principali agenti patogeni opportunisti per l¿uomo capace di vivere sia come commensale sulla cute e sulla mucosa nasofaringea di portatori sani sia di causare, grazie alla sua capacità di produrre diversi fattori di virulenza, un ampia varietà di infezioni tra cui la Dermatite Atopica e la Fibrosi Cistica. Tale microrganismo è, inoltre, un importante patogeno in ambito veterinario in quanto associato a diverse infezioni tra cui le Mastiti Bovine. Lo scopo del nostro lavoro è stato quello di analizzare la capacità di produzione di biofilm e il contenuto di geni di virulenza nonché le possibili associazioni geniche di tre differenti gruppi di S.aureus isolati rispettivamente dall¿espettorato di pazienti affetti da Fibrosi Cistica (FC) (gruppo clinico), da lesioni cutanee, fosse nasali e cute sana di pazienti con Dermatite Atopica (DA) (gruppo clinico) e dall'epitelio ghiandolare mammario di bovini affetti da Mastiti Bovine (MB) (gruppo animale), al fine di determinare le loro similitudini/differenze in termini di profili di antibiotico-resistenza, capacità di produzione di biofilm, distribuzione e combinazioni di determinanti di virulenza e valutare se i microrganismi possano essere legati allo sviluppo di specifiche infezioni nell¿ospite. I nostri risultati sui saggi di antibiotico-resistenza mostravano in generale una prevalenza di ceppi Meticillino-Sensibili (MSSA) all¿interno dei tre gruppi di S.aureus analizzati, mentre solo il 7.8% e il 7.14% di isolati Meticillino-Resistenti (MRSA) era presente rispettivamente in FC e in MB. Nel gruppo di S.aureus proveniente dalla FC, agr-I e II erano ugualmente distribuiti (29 and 30%, rispettivamente), mentre sia in DA (42%) che nel gruppo animale (MB) (89%), appariva evidente una prevalenza di microrganismi appartenenti all¿agr-type I. Dall`analisi dei saggi di produzione di biofilm, venivano riscontrati molti ceppi produttori in DA (88%) e in FC (80.73%), rispetto al gruppo animale (MB) (64.28%), tutti appartenenti prevalentemente all¿agr-type I. Una differente distribuzione dei geni cap5/8 si evidenziava all¿interno degli stessi agr-genotype, ma solo tra gli isolati clinici. L¿intero campione in studio possedeva, inoltre, un gruppo di geni di virulenza definiti ¿core¿ (icaA, atl, sdrC, clfA/B, e spa tra i geni di adesione e ¿- ¿- ¿-hl-s tra le tossine) presenti in tutti i ceppi analizzati e uno di geni ¿accessori, (sdrE, cna, e fnbA tra i geni di adesione e sea, sec, sed, seq, sek, sej, eta, tst, e lukS/F tra le tossine) evidenziati solo in alcuni ceppi, con diversa distribuzione tra i due gruppi clinici (FC e DA) e quello animale (MB). Studi di associazioni geniche, mostravano una specifica distribuzione di geni accessori all¿interno dei diversi agr-type, nonché importanti associazioni tra alcuni determinanti di virulenza e l¿antigene capsulare solo nei gruppi clinici. Si evidenziava, inoltre una prevalenza di geni di adesione rispetto alle tossine che apparivano inoltre fortemente associati tra loro stessi e con uno o più geni codificanti tossine come sea e tst in FC; sea, sec, sej, sek, seq, e tst in DA. In conclusione, i nostri dati supportano l¿ipotesi che uno specifico background genico del microrganismo può essere strettamente associato alla capacità di S.aureus di colonizzare specifici distretti nell¿ospite, come i polmoni nei pazienti affetti da FC, la pelle in DA e le ghiandole mammarie bovine nel caso della MB, definendo ceppi ¿infezione-specifici¿ capaci, dunque, di indurre precise malattie nell¿ospite.
Pathogenicity of human and animal Staphylococcus aureus isolates / Spina, Daniela. - (2011 Nov 30).
Pathogenicity of human and animal Staphylococcus aureus isolates
SPINA, DANIELA
2011-11-30
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and pathogenic organism, adapted to survive in many niches and causing, by the production of a large array of virulence factors, a wide variety of human and animal infections such as Atopic Dermatitis (AD), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), and Bovine Mastitis (BM). The aim of our study was to analyze the biofilm-formation capacity and the virulence-gene content of three different S.aureus groups, collected from sputum of Cystic Fibrosis patients (CF clinical group), lesions or skin of patients affected by Atopic Dermatitis (AD clinical group) and from mammary-gland epithelium of cows affected by Bovine Mastitis (BM animal group) to determine their similarities/differences in terms of antimicrobial-resistance profiles, biofilm production ability, virulence determinant distribution and combinations, and to evaluate if the genetic background of the microrganisms could to be linked to a specific type of infection. Our results show that all samples from the three groups studied were mainly constituted by Methicillin-Susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) strains, whereas Methicillin-Resistant S.aureus isolates (MRSA), were found only in the CF clinical group and the BM animal group, in percentages of 7.8% and 7.14%, respectively. In the CF clinical group, agr-I and II were equally distributed (29 and 30%, respectively) whereas, a prevalence of microrganisms belonging to agr-I genotype, in the AD clinical group strains (42%) and in the BM animal group (89%) was evident. Biofilm production assays showed a higher number of biofilm producer strains, belonging mainly to agr-I, in the AD (88%) and CF (80.73%) clinical groups compared to the BM animal one (64.28%). A different distribution of cap5/8 was found among the same agr-genotypes, only in both AD and CF clinical groups. All S.aureus strains possessed a chromosomal ¿core¿ of virulence genes (icaA, atl, sdrC, clfA/B, and spa adhesion genes, and ¿-toxin, ¿-toxin, and ¿-toxin genes) and an ¿accessory¿ virulence group, present in variable quantity (sdrE, cna, and fnbA adhesion genes, and sea, sec, sed, seq, sek, sej, eta, tst, and lukS/F toxins genes), prevalent in a different manner within all three groups. Studies of gene associations evidenced a specific distribution of accessory virulence determinants both among the four different agr-genotypes, and two capsular antigen types in the AD and CF clinical groups. Moreover, the analysis of the associations among accessory virulence genes showed a prevalence of adhesin genes, strongly associated among themselves, and with one or more accessory toxin genes i.e. sea and tst in the CF clinical group; sea, sec, sej, sek, seq, and tst in the AD clinical group. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that specific virulence backgrounds are strongly related to the capacity of S.aureus to colonize specific host districts, such as CF patient lung, AD patient skin and bovine mammary gland, defining ¿infection-specific¿ strains, able to induce diverse diseases.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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