Within the Italian legal system the concept of landscape management has evolved considerably, especially in recent years, assisted greatly by The European Convention on landscape, signed in Florence on 20 October 2000 and confirmed in 2006 with law n.14. In fact, since the law established in 1939, Italian legislation with the exception of section n.9 of the Constitution, where the protection of landscape is explicitly mentioned merely refers to the concepts of natural beauty or environmental assets. Only with the Statute of Cultural Assets and Landscape, law n.42/2004 (and subsequent modifications in 2006 and 2008), has the issue of landscape management been considered in a coherent manner. This article deals with the relationships between the European Charter and Italian law, and reflects in particular on the consequences these relationships have, in Italian legislation, on issues of landscape protection and management. The landscape conservation, as well as the conservation of natural and cultural heritage, gives the territorial planning a central role. In the meanwhile, it requires important changes in thoughts, theories, styles and cultures of planning, consistent with the directions rising at the international level. The new paradigms proposed by the World Conservation Union for the nature conservation and the recent guidelines of Unesco for the World Heritage point out a relationship of growing complementarity between landscape and nature conservation policies. A new vision of the relationship among landscape, nature and territory is proposed by the European Landscape Convention, which attributes a very complex meaning to the landscape, as an expression of our common cultural heritage and the foundation of the local identities; and enlarges to the whole territory every landscape concern. In order to set up more effective policies of safeguard and enhancement, planning has increasingly relied on a twofold approach: the structural interpretation of the territory and the strategic framing of the government choices. But, at the light of the Convention, planning must face two different strategies of conservation: one which is based on the excellences and aims at the safeguard of landscapes of outstanding value, and one which is based on the diffused values and aims at the valorisation of the territory and its comprehensive quality. So far landscape is a whole unit of natural and cultural elements, which are simultaneously studied and in relation each others. One of the must important new to study the landscape introduced by Convention is about the strict relationship among landscape, population and identity. This identity shows how long human being has been designing it more or less consciously. Identities are built and fixed through uses and meaning layed on the places strictly related with community life habits developing and they can t be created artificially. The speed change which involves the nowadays society, the rapid transformation of places and life stiles are threats of local identities. This relationship aims to be a stimulus for researchers, technicians and operators, to think how identify sustainable resources, process and strategies to find and evaluate Mediterranean landscapes, to save, promote landscape qualities. Managing landscape changes is so far a necessary base to plan saving strategies, to manage and plan interdisciplinary actions according to sustainable principles. The underlying idea is that ecomuseums can play an important role in the conservation and the safeguarding of a territorial identity in the territory itself, from an economic but also social and environmental point of view, while providing local communities with a sense of continuity with previous generation with reference to aspects of tangible and intangible cultural heritage.
La firma a Firenze il 20 ottobre del 2000 della convenzione Europea del Paesaggio e la recente approvazione del Codice dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali e del Paesaggio, che rappresenta l adeguamento della normativa nazionale specie per quanto attiene ai criteri della pianificazione paesistica concordati a livello europeo, costituiscono elementi di innovazione nelle complesse tematiche connesse al paesaggio e si inseriscono in una vivace stagione di dibattiti che aveva avuto un primo importante momento di confronto nella Conferenza Nazionale sul Paesaggio tenutasi a Roma nell ottobre del 1999. In particolare, il nuovo Codice recepisce interamente la necessità di assicurare attenzione ai valori di tutto il territorio e quindi estende lo studio a tutti i paesaggi, anche a quelli caratterizzati da qualità minime o addirittura privi di qualità, perché interessati dalle pesanti trasformazioni operate dal rapido e caotico sviluppo socio-economico dell età moderna. Tutela e pianificazione del paesaggio siciliano sono temi di grande attualità ed è utile che si definiscano modelli in grado di indirizzare una corretta pianificazione del territorio che valorizzi le potenzialità del patrimonio artistico, del sistema agro-forestale e delle sue capacità di contrastare i processi di alterazione dei territori del sistema città . Tuttavia, la messa a punto di adeguati interventi legislativi e/o pratiche, in grado di tutelare e valorizzare questa importante risorsa culturale ed economica risulta di difficile definizione. Se da un lato, infatti, esiste una domanda forte di preservazione delle biodiversità del territorio siciliano da parte della collettività, dall altro tale richiesta deve conciliarsi con le esigenze dei processi di urbanizzazione. La soluzione appare complessa e richiede la predisposizione di una pianificazione basata su indicatori fisici e qualitativi appropriati che tenga conto delle preferenze espresse dalla collettività in tema di utilizzazione dei suoli e che governi globalmente le trasformazioni, prevedendo anche la riqualificazione delle parti compromesse e degradate, fino ala creazione di nuovi paesaggi coerenti e integrati. Per raggiungere questi obiettivi è necessario che gli strumenti di pianificazione siano dotati di adeguati contenuti conoscitivi, che permettano di analizzare i caratteri che identificano i paesaggi e di affrontare gli aspetti prescrittivi e le scelte propositive. La Regione Sicilia, sin dall attuazione della legge Galasso del 1985, si è dotata di una metodologia per la redazione dei piani paesaggistici Linee Guida del Piano territoriale Paesistico , di cui darò ampia descrizione nella prima parte di questo lavoro specificando le peculiarità tutte siciliane dei piani paesaggistici. Ma l iter per l approvazione dei Piani, nei 17 ambiti in cui è suddiviso il territorio regionale appare ancora oggi estremamente difficoltoso. I piani di Ambito sono stati tutti elaborati, redatti dalle 9 sovrintendenze, ma non è stata emanata una legge regionale specifica per la loro approvazione, per cui ci si riferisce alle norme nazionali, al Codice Urbani. Per tale ragione si applica la legge del 1940 in tema di beni culturali, con le procedure in essa previste: concertazione, affissione all Albo Pretorio del Piano nei Comuni per 60 giorni etc. La Regione Piemonte da molti anni e per ultima la Regione Puglia hanno sperimentato l elaborazione di strumenti non coercitivi, da affiancare alla pianificazione tradizionale come gli Ecomusei, argomento che affronterò nella seconda parte di questo lavoro.
Una pianificazione paesaggistica sostenibile in Sicilia: Ecomusei e mappe di comunità / Reina, Giuseppe. - (2011 Dec 09).
Una pianificazione paesaggistica sostenibile in Sicilia: Ecomusei e mappe di comunità
REINA, GIUSEPPE
2011-12-09
Abstract
Within the Italian legal system the concept of landscape management has evolved considerably, especially in recent years, assisted greatly by The European Convention on landscape, signed in Florence on 20 October 2000 and confirmed in 2006 with law n.14. In fact, since the law established in 1939, Italian legislation with the exception of section n.9 of the Constitution, where the protection of landscape is explicitly mentioned merely refers to the concepts of natural beauty or environmental assets. Only with the Statute of Cultural Assets and Landscape, law n.42/2004 (and subsequent modifications in 2006 and 2008), has the issue of landscape management been considered in a coherent manner. This article deals with the relationships between the European Charter and Italian law, and reflects in particular on the consequences these relationships have, in Italian legislation, on issues of landscape protection and management. The landscape conservation, as well as the conservation of natural and cultural heritage, gives the territorial planning a central role. In the meanwhile, it requires important changes in thoughts, theories, styles and cultures of planning, consistent with the directions rising at the international level. The new paradigms proposed by the World Conservation Union for the nature conservation and the recent guidelines of Unesco for the World Heritage point out a relationship of growing complementarity between landscape and nature conservation policies. A new vision of the relationship among landscape, nature and territory is proposed by the European Landscape Convention, which attributes a very complex meaning to the landscape, as an expression of our common cultural heritage and the foundation of the local identities; and enlarges to the whole territory every landscape concern. In order to set up more effective policies of safeguard and enhancement, planning has increasingly relied on a twofold approach: the structural interpretation of the territory and the strategic framing of the government choices. But, at the light of the Convention, planning must face two different strategies of conservation: one which is based on the excellences and aims at the safeguard of landscapes of outstanding value, and one which is based on the diffused values and aims at the valorisation of the territory and its comprehensive quality. So far landscape is a whole unit of natural and cultural elements, which are simultaneously studied and in relation each others. One of the must important new to study the landscape introduced by Convention is about the strict relationship among landscape, population and identity. This identity shows how long human being has been designing it more or less consciously. Identities are built and fixed through uses and meaning layed on the places strictly related with community life habits developing and they can t be created artificially. The speed change which involves the nowadays society, the rapid transformation of places and life stiles are threats of local identities. This relationship aims to be a stimulus for researchers, technicians and operators, to think how identify sustainable resources, process and strategies to find and evaluate Mediterranean landscapes, to save, promote landscape qualities. Managing landscape changes is so far a necessary base to plan saving strategies, to manage and plan interdisciplinary actions according to sustainable principles. The underlying idea is that ecomuseums can play an important role in the conservation and the safeguarding of a territorial identity in the territory itself, from an economic but also social and environmental point of view, while providing local communities with a sense of continuity with previous generation with reference to aspects of tangible and intangible cultural heritage.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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