Numerous experimental data shows that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in neurodegenerative disorder. Mitochondria are the site of early damage in neurodegenerative disorders and these evidence are partially based on decreases in respiratory chain complex activities in Parkinson s disease (PD), Alzheimer s disease (AD), and Huntington s disease (HD). Harman in 1972 first proposed that mitochondria may have a central role in the process of aging. According to this theory, free radicals generated through mitochondrial metabolism can act as causative factor of abnormal function and cell death. Moreover, several conditions including protein, lipid or glucose oxidation disrupt redox homeostasis and lead to accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the aging brain. Alzheimer s and Parkinson s diseases or Friedreich ataxia are neurological diseases sharing, as a common denominator, production of abnormal proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which contribute to the pathogenesis of these so called protein conformational diseases . As one of the main intracellular redox systems involved in neuroprotection is the vitagene system. iVitagenes encode for cytoprotective heat shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp70 and heme oxygenase-1, as well as thioredoxin reductase and sirtuins. Nutritional studies show that ageing in animals can be significantly influenced by dietary restriction. Reducing energy intake by controlled caloric restriction or intermittent fasting increases lifespan and protects various tissues against disease. Consistently, the neuroprotective roles of dietary antioxidants including curcumin, acetyl-L-carnitine and carnosine have been demonstrated through the activation of these redox-sensitive intracellular pathways. The vitagenes may therefore represent important targets for new therapeutic strategies. Modulation of cellular stress pathways and the research for neuroprotective strategies, using pharmacological interventions and food could play a key role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in general.
Numerosi dati sperimentali dimostrano che la disfunzione mitocondriale è coinvolta in molti disordini neurodegenerativi. I mitocondri rappresentano il sito di inizio del danno nei disordini neurodegenerativi e queste evidenze si basano parzialmente sul decremento dell attività dei complessi della catena respiratoria nella malattia di Parkinson, nella malattia di Alzheimer, e nella malattia di Huntington. Nel 1972 Harman propose che i mitocondri avessero un ruolo centrale nei processi di invecchiamento. Secondo questa teoria, i radicali liberi, considerati i fattori primari di stress ossidativo, generati attraverso il metabolismo mitocondriale, possono causare funzioni anormali e morte cellulare, L'ossidazione delle proteine e dei lipidi altera l omeostasi redox e porta all accumulo di proteine unfolded o misfolded nel cervello. Il morbo di Parkinson, la malattia di Alzheimer e l'atassia di Friedreich sono malattie neurologiche che hanno come comune denominatore la produzione di proteine anomale. La disfunzione mitocondriale e lo stress ossidativo contribuiscono alla patogenesi delle così dette malattie delle proteine conformazionali. Uno dei principali sistemi redox intracellulari coinvolti nella neuroprotezione è il sistema dei vitageni. I vitageni codificano per la heat shock protein (Hsp) Hsp-70, l emeossigenasi-1, la tioredoxina reduttasi e le sirtuine. Studi nutrizionali dimostrano che l invecchiamento negli animali può essere significativamente influenzato da una restrizione della dieta. La qualità della vita (lifespan) aumenta, poiché i vari tessuti, nelle malattie, possono essere protetti riducendo l'energia d'entrata, con il controllo della restrizione calorica o con il digiuno ad intermittenza. Il ruolo neuroprotettivo di antiossidanti dietetici, quali il curcumino, l'acetyl-L-carnitina e la carnosina è stato dimostrato attraverso l'attivazione di queste vie intracellulari redox-sensibili. I vitageni potrebbero quindi rappresentare importanti targets per nuove strategie terapeutiche. La modulazione dei pathways di stress cellulare e la ricerca di strategie neuroprotettive, mediante interventi di tipo farmacologico ed alimentare, potrebbe avere un ruolo fondamentale nel trattamento delle malattie neurodegenerative.
ANTIOSSIDANTI NUTRIZIONALI E MEDICINA MITOCONDRIALE. RUOLO DEI VITAGENI NELLA CHEMOPREVENZIONE / Cavallaro, MARIA MONIA. - (2011 Dec 13).
ANTIOSSIDANTI NUTRIZIONALI E MEDICINA MITOCONDRIALE. RUOLO DEI VITAGENI NELLA CHEMOPREVENZIONE.
CAVALLARO, MARIA MONIA
2011-12-13
Abstract
Numerous experimental data shows that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in neurodegenerative disorder. Mitochondria are the site of early damage in neurodegenerative disorders and these evidence are partially based on decreases in respiratory chain complex activities in Parkinson s disease (PD), Alzheimer s disease (AD), and Huntington s disease (HD). Harman in 1972 first proposed that mitochondria may have a central role in the process of aging. According to this theory, free radicals generated through mitochondrial metabolism can act as causative factor of abnormal function and cell death. Moreover, several conditions including protein, lipid or glucose oxidation disrupt redox homeostasis and lead to accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the aging brain. Alzheimer s and Parkinson s diseases or Friedreich ataxia are neurological diseases sharing, as a common denominator, production of abnormal proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which contribute to the pathogenesis of these so called protein conformational diseases . As one of the main intracellular redox systems involved in neuroprotection is the vitagene system. iVitagenes encode for cytoprotective heat shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp70 and heme oxygenase-1, as well as thioredoxin reductase and sirtuins. Nutritional studies show that ageing in animals can be significantly influenced by dietary restriction. Reducing energy intake by controlled caloric restriction or intermittent fasting increases lifespan and protects various tissues against disease. Consistently, the neuroprotective roles of dietary antioxidants including curcumin, acetyl-L-carnitine and carnosine have been demonstrated through the activation of these redox-sensitive intracellular pathways. The vitagenes may therefore represent important targets for new therapeutic strategies. Modulation of cellular stress pathways and the research for neuroprotective strategies, using pharmacological interventions and food could play a key role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in general.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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