The precautionary remedy within the Italian administrative trial has gone through 130 years during when has known an amazing development in terms of effectivness of jurisdictionary protection. Nevertheless, last 10 years has been the ones to mark the fundamental stages of its history: in the past, the precautionary remedy allowed only to freeze the effects of the administrative document or measure awaiting for its annulment by the sentence at the end of the ordinary trial. Only since year 2000 - due to the insistent push coming from the European Community Justice Court and thanks to the creative elaboration of Consiglio di Stato (the Supreme Court for administrative justice in Italy) and to the progressive action of Italian Constitutional Court, especially in the middle 80 s according to Act (legge) july, 21st 2000 n. 205 the remedy has become atypical and today, furthermore, with the introduction by Act (decreto legislativo) july, 2nd 2010 of the Administrative Procedure Code, an ante causam remedy has been added, therefore the precautionary remedy for excepetionally urgent reasons is now availabe. So precautionary remedy plays now a main role in the administrative justice. Requirements of a quick and effective jurisdictional response can t wait fo the long time lasting to the end of ordinary trial. So, today, the actual trial is the precautionary one. Claimant and defendant, within the precautionary trial, will express widely their reasons and the judge will acquire any further knowledge of fact and evidence using his official power, so the precautionary order will be fully explained, even for the defendant public authority which must execute the order in the most satisfactory way for the claimant party (the private citizen, tipically). Therefore, most of claimant interest to refer to adminitrative tribunal it is now concentrated in the precautionary trial. The administrative procedure code has introduced the possibility to ask the adiministrative tribunals to deliver any kind of sentence at the end of the ordinary trial (not only an avoiding sentence of the public authority measure, but also a condemnation sentence ordering the administration to take a specific action to fully restore the consequences of its unlwful behaviour which violated a private right) and this futher reform will enhance the whole administrative justice system. Therefore, a new course of administrative justice has begun looking forward the challenge of the postmodernity and precautionary remedy is the most important implement to face those challenghes, many connected with all concers included in the in the law of the risk , due to its effectivness and quickness. However, it is worthy that within its amplied power in the precautionary trial, the judge does not use them to impinge on public administration discretionary field deciding what is the best for the public interest. The quality of administrative jurisdiction must be kept high applying all the principle of a right trial according to art. 111 of Italian Constitution even in the precautionary trial to ensure a strong and right jurisdictional aid which can contribute to influence the way the public administration manage its duties wich are functional only to be serving to people needs and not just to keep public authorities own power intact.
La tutela cautelare nel processo amministrativo ha attraversato 130 anni nei quali ha conosciuto una notevolissima evoluzione verso (e a favore della) l’effettività della tutela giurisdizionale. Ma sono stati soprattutto gli ultimi 10 anni a segnare le tappe fondamentali di tale percorso: la tutela cautelare in passato consentiva solo di sospendere l’atto illegittimo in vista del suo annullamento definitivo. A partire dal 2000, a seguito delle elaborazioni giurisprudenziali del Consiglio di Stato e gli impulsi provenienti dalla Corte Costituzionale e dalla Corte di giustizia CE, la misura è stata resa atipica con la legge 21 luglio 2000, n. 205. Oggi, con il nuovo codice del processo amministrativo introdotto dal decreto legislativo 2 luglio 2010, n. 104, è stata ulteriormente potenziata con l’introduzione della tutela ante causam, così il giudizio cautelare è divenuto il vero protagonista del processo amministrativo. Le esigenze di celerità ed effettività della risposta giudiziaria non consentono l’attesa della decisione di merito, per cui, oggi, il vero processo è quello cautelare. Qui le parti in giudizio devono essere in grado di esprimere in modo completo le loro ragioni e il giudice deve acquisire tutti i necessari mezzi istruttori, perché l’ordinanza cautelare ha acquisito un peso formidabile in quanto a contenuto decisorio e l’interesse a ricorrere si consuma sempre più spesso nella fase cautelare. Inoltre, con l’introduzione del c.p.a. è stato notevolmente ampliato lo spettro delle azioni di cognizione ammissibili innanzi al giudice amministrativo, ma se si sia raggiunta l atipicità delle azioni è ancora presto per dirlo, certamente la giustizia amministrativa ha intrapreso un nuovo percorso evolutivo e oggi il giudice amministrativo è molto più attrezzato che in passato per affrontare le sfide della postmodernità (si pensi alle nuove frontiere del diritto del rischio) e la tutela cautelare è la più efficace tra queste attrezzature perché è servente all’effettività dell’azione del giudice. Tutto ciò però deve andare di pari passo con la qualità della giurisdizione che è tale se è capace di essere effettiva, ma effettiva con tutti , senza soppesare la (pregiudiziale) qualità intrinseca degli interessi contrapposti (competenza che non è del giudice, ma dell’amministrazione) ed essendo capace di sviluppare la sua azione nell’alveo dei principi che regolano il giusto processo, come previsto dall’art. 111 della Costituzione, anche nella fase cautelare, soprattutto motivando adeguatamente il provvedimento cautelare. Effettività e qualità, insieme ad una forte, ma giusta, azione cautelare, possono determinare un effetto positivo anche nel modo di amministrare, posto che il giudice potrà conoscere profondamente lo sviluppo del procedimento, così la discrezionalità amministrativa, spesso paravento dell’autorità per mantenere integro il proprio potere, si ridurrà notevolmente, a tutto vantaggio dei cittadini.
Tutela cautelare e principio di effettività / Pappalardo, Giovanni. - (2011 Dec 13).
Tutela cautelare e principio di effettività
PAPPALARDO, GIOVANNI
2011-12-13
Abstract
The precautionary remedy within the Italian administrative trial has gone through 130 years during when has known an amazing development in terms of effectivness of jurisdictionary protection. Nevertheless, last 10 years has been the ones to mark the fundamental stages of its history: in the past, the precautionary remedy allowed only to freeze the effects of the administrative document or measure awaiting for its annulment by the sentence at the end of the ordinary trial. Only since year 2000 - due to the insistent push coming from the European Community Justice Court and thanks to the creative elaboration of Consiglio di Stato (the Supreme Court for administrative justice in Italy) and to the progressive action of Italian Constitutional Court, especially in the middle 80 s according to Act (legge) july, 21st 2000 n. 205 the remedy has become atypical and today, furthermore, with the introduction by Act (decreto legislativo) july, 2nd 2010 of the Administrative Procedure Code, an ante causam remedy has been added, therefore the precautionary remedy for excepetionally urgent reasons is now availabe. So precautionary remedy plays now a main role in the administrative justice. Requirements of a quick and effective jurisdictional response can t wait fo the long time lasting to the end of ordinary trial. So, today, the actual trial is the precautionary one. Claimant and defendant, within the precautionary trial, will express widely their reasons and the judge will acquire any further knowledge of fact and evidence using his official power, so the precautionary order will be fully explained, even for the defendant public authority which must execute the order in the most satisfactory way for the claimant party (the private citizen, tipically). Therefore, most of claimant interest to refer to adminitrative tribunal it is now concentrated in the precautionary trial. The administrative procedure code has introduced the possibility to ask the adiministrative tribunals to deliver any kind of sentence at the end of the ordinary trial (not only an avoiding sentence of the public authority measure, but also a condemnation sentence ordering the administration to take a specific action to fully restore the consequences of its unlwful behaviour which violated a private right) and this futher reform will enhance the whole administrative justice system. Therefore, a new course of administrative justice has begun looking forward the challenge of the postmodernity and precautionary remedy is the most important implement to face those challenghes, many connected with all concers included in the in the law of the risk , due to its effectivness and quickness. However, it is worthy that within its amplied power in the precautionary trial, the judge does not use them to impinge on public administration discretionary field deciding what is the best for the public interest. The quality of administrative jurisdiction must be kept high applying all the principle of a right trial according to art. 111 of Italian Constitution even in the precautionary trial to ensure a strong and right jurisdictional aid which can contribute to influence the way the public administration manage its duties wich are functional only to be serving to people needs and not just to keep public authorities own power intact.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi.pdf
accesso aperto
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Licenza:
PUBBLICO - Pubblico con Copyright
Dimensione
1.02 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.02 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.