An Ontological Approach to Compliance Verification of the NIS 2 Directive

Cybersecurity, which notoriously concerns both human and technological aspects, is becoming more and more regulated by a number of textual documents spanning several pages, such as the European GDPR Regulation and the NIS Directive. This paper introduces an approach that leverages techniques of semantic representation and reasoning, hence an ontological approach, towards the compliance check with the security measures that textual documents prescribe. We choose the ontology instrument to achieve two fundamental objectives: domain modelling and resource interrogation. The formalisation of entities and relations from the directive, and the consequent improved structuring with respect to sheer prose is dramatically helpful for any organisation through the hard task of compliance verification. The semantic approach is demonstrated with two articles of the new European NIS 2 directive.