In the era of antibiotic resistance, the scientific community is searching for alternative strategies to fight infection. Among these, a valuable option is the use of probiotic bacteria and postbiotic compounds like antimicrobial peptides. This project was focused on the characterization of the probiotic strain S. salivarius 24SMBc and its use against respiratory pathogens like S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, which play an important role in global health and mortality rates. The first part of the project was focused on the characterization of probiotic properties of S. salivarius 24SMBc, including whole genome analysis and cytotoxicity assays, and the characterization of its antagonistic activity towards S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes strains, focusing on its anti-colonizing activity by performing co-aggregation and competitive adhesion assays. The second part of the project was focused on the postbiotics produced by S. salivarius 24SMBc, in particular the antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocins. Construction of knock-out strains for blpU and blpK and the double mutant were performed to investigate the spectrum of activity of these bacteriocins by screening their activity against several Gram-positive bacteria, identifying a candidate with a broad range of activity (BlpU). Moreover, with the idea of producing and isolating more BlpU from S. salivarius 24SMBc, two models were constructed: one with the constitutive production of the BlpU and another with the recombinant bacteriocin BlpU-Strep tag. Lastly, MIC and MBC of BlpU were determined against S. pneumoniae. The obtained results suggest that using S. salivarius 24SMBc as a probiotic could be effective against respiratory pathogens with different mechanisms employed, from competitive adherence to co-aggregation, especially against S. pneumoniae. Moreover, while in silico analysis detected seven bacteriocin genes in the genome of S. salivarius 24SMBc, the construct of knock-out mutants allowed to identify BlpU as a bacteriocin with a broad spectrum of activity. In fact, it’s BlpU that confers a strong antimicrobial activity to 24SMBc against several species in the Firmicutes phylum, including the pathogenic S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, E. faecium, E. faecalis and S. aureus. We also demonstrated the efficacy of BlpU at small concentrations against S. pneumoniae strains, which have an important impact globally due to CAP and severe CAP incidence also in immunosuppressed patients like MM patients. Thus, future perspectives should focus on not only using S. salivarius 24SMBc as a whole strain, but also use its postbiotics like BlpU against infection as a novel antimicrobial strategy on its own.
Nell'era della resistenza agli antibiotici, la comunità scientifica è alla ricerca di strategie alternative per combattere le infezioni. Tra queste, un'opzione preziosa è l'uso di batteri probiotici e composti postbiotici come i peptidi antimicrobici. Questo progetto si è concentrato sulla caratterizzazione del ceppo probiotico S. salivarius 24SMBc e sul suo uso contro patogeni respiratori come S. pneumoniae e S. pyogenes, che svolgono un ruolo importante nella salute globale e nei tassi di mortalità. La prima parte del progetto si è concentrata sulla caratterizzazione delle proprietà probiotiche di S. salivarius 24SMBc, tra cui analisi del genoma intero e test di citotossicità, e sulla caratterizzazione della sua attività antagonista verso i ceppi di S. pneumoniae e S. pyogenes, concentrandosi sulla sua attività anti-colonizzazione eseguendo test di co-aggregazione e adesione competitiva. La seconda parte del progetto si è concentrata sui postbiotici prodotti da S. salivarius 24SMBc, in particolare i peptidi antimicrobici chiamati batteriocine. La costruzione di ceppi knock-out per blpU e blpK e il doppio mutante sono stati eseguiti per studiare lo spettro di attività di queste batteriocine mediante lo screening della loro attività contro diversi batteri Gram-positivi, identificando un candidato con un ampio spettro di attività (BlpU). Inoltre, con l'idea di produrre e isolare più BlpU da S. salivarius 24SMBc, sono stati costruiti due modelli: uno con la produzione costitutiva di BlpU e un altro con il tag della batteriocina ricombinante BlpU-Strep. Infine, i valori di MIC e MBC di BlpU sono stati determinati contro S. pneumoniae. I risultati ottenuti suggeriscono che l'uso di S. salivarius 24SMBc come probiotico potrebbe essere efficace contro i patogeni respiratori con diversi meccanismi impiegati, dall'aderenza competitiva alla co-aggregazione, in particolare contro S. pneumoniae. Inoltre, mentre l'analisi in silico ha rilevato sette geni di batteriocine nel genoma di S. salivarius 24SMBc, la costruzione di mutanti knock-out ha permesso di identificare BlpU come una batteriocina con un ampio spettro di attività. Infatti, è BlpU che conferisce una forte attività antimicrobica a 24SMBc contro diverse specie nel phylum Firmicutes, tra cui i patogeni S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, E. faecium, E. faecalis e S. aureus. Abbiamo anche dimostrato l'efficacia di BlpU a piccole concentrazioni contro i ceppi di S. pneumoniae, che hanno un impatto importante a livello globale a causa della CAP e della grave incidenza di CAP anche nei pazienti immunodepressi come i pazienti con MM. Pertanto, le prospettive future dovrebbero concentrarsi non solo sull'utilizzo di S. salivarius 24SMBc come ceppo intero, ma anche sull'utilizzo dei suoi postbiotici come BlpU contro l'infezione come una nuova strategia antimicrobica da sola.
Effects of gene disruptions in the blp bacteriocin gene cluster of Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc on antimicrobial activity [Effetti dell'interruzione genetica del cluster blp di Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc sulla sua attività antimicrobica] / Vertillo Aluisio, Gaia. - (2025 Feb 03).
Effects of gene disruptions in the blp bacteriocin gene cluster of Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc on antimicrobial activity [Effetti dell'interruzione genetica del cluster blp di Streptococcus salivarius 24SMBc sulla sua attività antimicrobica]
VERTILLO ALUISIO, GAIA
2025-02-03
Abstract
In the era of antibiotic resistance, the scientific community is searching for alternative strategies to fight infection. Among these, a valuable option is the use of probiotic bacteria and postbiotic compounds like antimicrobial peptides. This project was focused on the characterization of the probiotic strain S. salivarius 24SMBc and its use against respiratory pathogens like S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, which play an important role in global health and mortality rates. The first part of the project was focused on the characterization of probiotic properties of S. salivarius 24SMBc, including whole genome analysis and cytotoxicity assays, and the characterization of its antagonistic activity towards S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes strains, focusing on its anti-colonizing activity by performing co-aggregation and competitive adhesion assays. The second part of the project was focused on the postbiotics produced by S. salivarius 24SMBc, in particular the antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocins. Construction of knock-out strains for blpU and blpK and the double mutant were performed to investigate the spectrum of activity of these bacteriocins by screening their activity against several Gram-positive bacteria, identifying a candidate with a broad range of activity (BlpU). Moreover, with the idea of producing and isolating more BlpU from S. salivarius 24SMBc, two models were constructed: one with the constitutive production of the BlpU and another with the recombinant bacteriocin BlpU-Strep tag. Lastly, MIC and MBC of BlpU were determined against S. pneumoniae. The obtained results suggest that using S. salivarius 24SMBc as a probiotic could be effective against respiratory pathogens with different mechanisms employed, from competitive adherence to co-aggregation, especially against S. pneumoniae. Moreover, while in silico analysis detected seven bacteriocin genes in the genome of S. salivarius 24SMBc, the construct of knock-out mutants allowed to identify BlpU as a bacteriocin with a broad spectrum of activity. In fact, it’s BlpU that confers a strong antimicrobial activity to 24SMBc against several species in the Firmicutes phylum, including the pathogenic S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, E. faecium, E. faecalis and S. aureus. We also demonstrated the efficacy of BlpU at small concentrations against S. pneumoniae strains, which have an important impact globally due to CAP and severe CAP incidence also in immunosuppressed patients like MM patients. Thus, future perspectives should focus on not only using S. salivarius 24SMBc as a whole strain, but also use its postbiotics like BlpU against infection as a novel antimicrobial strategy on its own.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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