In January 1968, an earthquake on the X level of the MCS scale struck a vast area of western Sicily, affecting the constellation of small medieval and seventeenth-century rural towns in the Belice Valley. As the first seismic disaster after the Second World War and in the tragic frequency with which seismic events of comparable intensity would follow in the following decades, the 1968 earthquake can be identified as the starting point of a continuous process of experimentation that would lead to the progressive evolution of the seismic crises management. In this evolutionary context – whose complexity of analysis derives from the variety of disciplines and expertise involved in overcoming the seismic emergency – the present work assumes the perspective of preservation, attempting to outline the phases through which the subsequent reconstruction processes faced the damage condition occurred in historical building. The seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings – which almost exclusively compose those historical environments – still seems to pose an irreconcilable contradiction in terms between the will to ensure the survival of the historical heritage and such a seismically ‘hostile’ territorial context. Producing severe and generalised conditions of damage and worsening, therefore, common problems of historical building conservation, seismic events – as well as post-war scenarios – seem to call into question the cultural position of the discipline of Restoration; thus raising considerations that are declined on the historical-humanistic side of ‘what’ and ‘why’ to preserve and the technical-scientific side of ‘how’ to do it. These are points of view that, after a period of substantial separation, seem to have finally found a place within a single, organic approach to conservation. Through the comparison between a number of Italian reconstruction experiences and by means of an in-depth analysis of both case studies and emblematic of those experiences, the specific purposes of this work are therefore to analyse how the discipline of Restoration has each time has expressed itself (also redefining its own cultural positions) with reference to the needs of reconstruction processes or, vice versa, how it has influenced the strategies and objectives of the latter. At the same time, the research aims to highlight how the reconnection of the two sides above mentioned (the historical-humanistic and the technical-scientific one) occurred precisely as a consequence of the issues raised by the reconstruction experiences and the contextual matter of historical buildings’ seismic vulnerability.
Nel gennaio del 1968 un terremoto con effetti di grado X MCS, colpisce una vasta area della Sicilia Occidentale devastando la costellazione di piccoli centri rurali medievali e secenteschi della Valle del Belice; è la prima catastrofe sismica dell’Italia repubblicana e nella tragica cadenza con la quale nei decenni successivi si succederanno – con una media di un terremoto distruttivo ogni cinque anni – eventi sismici di intensità paragonabile, il terremoto del 1968 può essere individuato quale punto di avvio di un ininterrotto processo di sperimentazione che condurrà alla progressiva evoluzione del governo delle crisi sismiche. Nel contesto di tale percorso evolutivo, caratterizzato da una complessità di analisi che deriva dalla molteplicità di ambiti disciplinari e competenze chiamate in causa nell’emergenza sismica, il presente lavoro assume una prospettiva di analisi prettamente conservativa tentando di delineare i passaggi attraverso i quali la conservazione dei tessuti edilizi storici abbia trovato di volta in volta declinazione all’interno dei susseguenti processi di ricostruzione. La vulnerabilità sismica dell’edilizia muraria – materia preponderante, se non esclusiva, di quei tessuti – sembra infatti porre, ancora oggi, una insanabile contraddizione rispetto alla volontà di garantire la sopravvivenza del patrimonio storico in un contesto territoriale così sismicamente ‘ostile’. Generando condizioni di danneggiamento tanto severe quanto generalizzate ed esasperando, dunque, le comuni problematiche di conservazione dell’edilizia storica, gli eventi sismici – al pari degli scenari post-bellici – sembrano talvolta mettere in discussione le stesse posizioni della materia del restauro. Si sollevano così riflessioni che chiamano in causa le questioni strutturali della disciplina e che si declinano secondo il versante storico-umanistico del ‘cosa’ e ‘perché’ conservare e quello tecnico-scientifico del ‘come’ conservare; versanti che solo in tempi relativamente recenti sembrano infine aver trovato nuovamente posto – dopo un periodo di sostanziale separazione – all’interno di un medesimo e organico approccio alla conservazione. Attraverso l’analisi comparativa di alcune esperienze di ricostruzione italiane e mediante la trattazione approfondita di casi studio e tematiche emblematiche di quelle esperienze, le intenzioni specifiche del presente lavoro si riconoscono, dunque, nell’obiettivo di analizzare in che termini la materia del restauro si sia di volta in volta espressa – anche mediante una ridefinizione delle proprie posizioni – nei confronti delle esigenze della ricostruzione o, viceversa, in che modo ne abbia informato le strategie e gli obiettivi generali; allo stesso tempo la ricerca intende evidenziare in che misura proprio sotto l’impulso delle problematiche sollevate dalle esperienze di ricostruzione e dalle contestuali questioni relative alla vulnerabilità dell’edilizia storica si sia infine operata la definitiva ricucitura dei due versanti disciplinari sopra citati.
La conservazione dell'architettura storica nei processi di ricostruzione post-sisma. Esperienze italiane a confronto (1968-2009) / Macca, Valentina. - (2025 Mar 21).
La conservazione dell'architettura storica nei processi di ricostruzione post-sisma. Esperienze italiane a confronto (1968-2009)
MACCA, VALENTINA
2025-03-21
Abstract
In January 1968, an earthquake on the X level of the MCS scale struck a vast area of western Sicily, affecting the constellation of small medieval and seventeenth-century rural towns in the Belice Valley. As the first seismic disaster after the Second World War and in the tragic frequency with which seismic events of comparable intensity would follow in the following decades, the 1968 earthquake can be identified as the starting point of a continuous process of experimentation that would lead to the progressive evolution of the seismic crises management. In this evolutionary context – whose complexity of analysis derives from the variety of disciplines and expertise involved in overcoming the seismic emergency – the present work assumes the perspective of preservation, attempting to outline the phases through which the subsequent reconstruction processes faced the damage condition occurred in historical building. The seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings – which almost exclusively compose those historical environments – still seems to pose an irreconcilable contradiction in terms between the will to ensure the survival of the historical heritage and such a seismically ‘hostile’ territorial context. Producing severe and generalised conditions of damage and worsening, therefore, common problems of historical building conservation, seismic events – as well as post-war scenarios – seem to call into question the cultural position of the discipline of Restoration; thus raising considerations that are declined on the historical-humanistic side of ‘what’ and ‘why’ to preserve and the technical-scientific side of ‘how’ to do it. These are points of view that, after a period of substantial separation, seem to have finally found a place within a single, organic approach to conservation. Through the comparison between a number of Italian reconstruction experiences and by means of an in-depth analysis of both case studies and emblematic of those experiences, the specific purposes of this work are therefore to analyse how the discipline of Restoration has each time has expressed itself (also redefining its own cultural positions) with reference to the needs of reconstruction processes or, vice versa, how it has influenced the strategies and objectives of the latter. At the same time, the research aims to highlight how the reconnection of the two sides above mentioned (the historical-humanistic and the technical-scientific one) occurred precisely as a consequence of the issues raised by the reconstruction experiences and the contextual matter of historical buildings’ seismic vulnerability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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