This thesis, in addition to critically analysing the totality of faunistic studies on marine heterobranchs conducted in the various Italian regions and providing for the first time the complete check-list of the species of this group for Sicily, aims to fill the almost total absence of faunistic information on these molluscs for the waters of the only Marine Protected Area present along the central-eastern coast of Sicily: the Isole Ciclopi MPA. Indeed, unlike the adjacent non-protected areas along this coastal stretch, there is little or no faunistic information on these animals for the Isole Ciclopi MPA. Consequently, the main aims of this thesis are: to build a solid knowledge base on the marine Heterobranchia fauna of this MPA; to compare the non-protected sites with the protected ones in order to highlight possible faunal differences and, if these are present, to hypothesise their causes. The data collection, carried out over the two-year period 2022-2023 on a monthly basis through scuba diving at eight sites on the central-eastern coast of Sicily (four located within the MPA and four outside of it) using the technique of photographic capture, led to the finding of 114 species of marine heterobranchs. The data collected on each species were organised into a photographic and informative atlas, within which information was provided for each species regarding external morphology, location and abundance, bathymetric range, thermal range, substrates and habitat, and seasonality. In addition to this, statistical examination of the numerical data enabled a comparison of the marine heterobranch faunas both between the eight sites examined and between the MPA and the non-protected area. Comparing the total number of species of marine heterobranchs found in this thesis for the central-eastern coast of Sicily with those found in other areas of the Italian peninsula through faunal studies conducted using similar methodologies, it can be seen that this small stretch of coastline most likely represents a true biodiversity hot-spot for this group of gastropod molluscs. This high biodiversity is probably caused by the particular geographical position of the central-eastern coast of Sicily and the particular course of the currents to which this stretch of coast is subject. In conclusion, it can be seen that the diversity of the marine heterobranch fauna from the Isole Ciclopi MPA is lower than that observed outside it. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the current zoning of the reserve does not reflect the actual diversity levels of these animals.
La presente tesi, oltre ad analizzare criticamente la totalità degli studi faunistici su gli eterobranchi marini condotti nelle varie regioni italiane e fornire per la prima volta la check-list completa delle specie di questo gruppo per la Sicilia, si propone di colmare la quasi totale assenza di informazioni faunistiche su tali molluschi per le acque dell’unica Area Marina Protetta presente lungo la costa centro-orientale della Sicilia: l’AMP Isole Ciclopi. Infatti, contrariamente alle aree non protette ad essa adiacenti presenti lungo tale tratto costiero, per l’AMP Isole Ciclopi non esistono o quasi informazioni faunistiche riguardanti tali animali. Di conseguenza, gli scopi principali di questa tesi sono: costruire una solida base di conoscenze sulla fauna ad eterobranchi marini di questa AMP; comparare i siti non protetti da quelli protetti per evidenziare possibili differenze faunistiche e, se queste ultime sono presenti, ipotizzarne le cause. La raccolta dei dati, avvenuta nel periodo biennale 2022-2023 con cadenza mensile attraverso immersioni subacquee in otto siti della costa centro-orientale della Sicilia (quattro localizzati all’interno della AMP e quattro al di fuori di essa) mediante la tecnica della cattura fotografica, ha permesso il ritrovamento di 114 specie di eterobranchi marini. I dati raccolti su ciascuna specie sono stati organizzati in un atlante fotografico e informativo, all’interno del quale per ciascuna specie sono state fornite informazioni riguardanti la morfologia esterna, ubicazione e abbondanza, intervallo batimetrico, intervallo termico, substrati e ambiente, e stagionalità. Oltre a ciò, grazie all’esame statistico dei dati numerici è stato possibile effettuare un confronto delle faune ad eterobranchi marini sia fra gli otto siti esaminati che tra l’AMP e l’area non protetta. Comparando il numero totale di specie di eterobranchi marini rinvenute in questa tesi per la costa centro-orientale della Sicilia con quello rinvenuto in altre aree della penisola italiana attraverso studi faunistici condotti con metodologie simili, si può notare come questo piccolo tratto di costa rappresenti molto probabilmente un vero e proprio hot-spot di biodiversità per quanto riguarda questo gruppo di molluschi gasteropodi. Tale elevata biodiversità è probabilmente causata dalla particolare posizione geografica della costa centro-orientale della Sicilia e al particolare andamento delle correnti a cui questo tratto di costa è soggetto. In conclusione, si può notare come la diversità della fauna ad eterobranchi marini dalla AMP Isole Ciclopi sia più bassa rispetto a quella osservata all’esterno di essa. Inoltre, è interessante notare come l’attuale zonazione della riserva non rispecchi i reali livelli di diversità di questi animali.
The marine heterobranchs of the MPA Isole Ciclopi – A seasonal and faunistic study with a comparison with adjacent non-protected areas [Gli eterobranchi marini dell’Area Marina Protetta (AMP) Isole Ciclopi: uno studio faunistico e stagionale con una comparazione con le aree adiacenti non protette] / Lombardo, Andrea. - (2025 Mar 31).
The marine heterobranchs of the MPA Isole Ciclopi – A seasonal and faunistic study with a comparison with adjacent non-protected areas [Gli eterobranchi marini dell’Area Marina Protetta (AMP) Isole Ciclopi: uno studio faunistico e stagionale con una comparazione con le aree adiacenti non protette]
LOMBARDO, ANDREA
2025-03-31
Abstract
This thesis, in addition to critically analysing the totality of faunistic studies on marine heterobranchs conducted in the various Italian regions and providing for the first time the complete check-list of the species of this group for Sicily, aims to fill the almost total absence of faunistic information on these molluscs for the waters of the only Marine Protected Area present along the central-eastern coast of Sicily: the Isole Ciclopi MPA. Indeed, unlike the adjacent non-protected areas along this coastal stretch, there is little or no faunistic information on these animals for the Isole Ciclopi MPA. Consequently, the main aims of this thesis are: to build a solid knowledge base on the marine Heterobranchia fauna of this MPA; to compare the non-protected sites with the protected ones in order to highlight possible faunal differences and, if these are present, to hypothesise their causes. The data collection, carried out over the two-year period 2022-2023 on a monthly basis through scuba diving at eight sites on the central-eastern coast of Sicily (four located within the MPA and four outside of it) using the technique of photographic capture, led to the finding of 114 species of marine heterobranchs. The data collected on each species were organised into a photographic and informative atlas, within which information was provided for each species regarding external morphology, location and abundance, bathymetric range, thermal range, substrates and habitat, and seasonality. In addition to this, statistical examination of the numerical data enabled a comparison of the marine heterobranch faunas both between the eight sites examined and between the MPA and the non-protected area. Comparing the total number of species of marine heterobranchs found in this thesis for the central-eastern coast of Sicily with those found in other areas of the Italian peninsula through faunal studies conducted using similar methodologies, it can be seen that this small stretch of coastline most likely represents a true biodiversity hot-spot for this group of gastropod molluscs. This high biodiversity is probably caused by the particular geographical position of the central-eastern coast of Sicily and the particular course of the currents to which this stretch of coast is subject. In conclusion, it can be seen that the diversity of the marine heterobranch fauna from the Isole Ciclopi MPA is lower than that observed outside it. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the current zoning of the reserve does not reflect the actual diversity levels of these animals.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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LOMBARDO PHD THESIS 2024 The marine heterobranchs of the MPA Isole Ciclopi - A seasonal and faunistic study with a comparison with adjacent non-protected areas..pdf
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