This PhD thesis explores the development and surface modification of various nanoparticles for targeted imaging and drug delivery; the aim is to improve the specificity and efficacy of treatments, reducing side effects and improving the patients’ life expectancy. Herein, the attention was focused on the synthesis and modification of yttrium oxide nanoparticles doped with erbium and neodymium, luminescent gold nanoclusters, and lipid-based nanoparticles. The modification gave the possibility to improve their biocompatibility and targeting capabilities. The yttrium oxide nanoparticles, initially characterized as an inert surface, were successfully modified using PEGylation: as a result, their solubility in biological fluids was increased, thus making them usable for biomedical applications, while gold nanoclusters were functionalized with peptides, enabling precise targeting and pH-dependent behaviours, critical for effective drug delivery. Moreover, this project also focused on extracellular vesicles derived from human seminal and follicular fluids, the results highlighted the possibility to use them to discern between healthy and pathological conditions. This thesis further reports the successful in vivo distribution of gold nanoclusters in plant models together with toxicity and biodistribution tests of rare earth-doped nanoparticles in colorectal cancer cells. The last step of these project was focused on the synthesis of hybrid nano systems: for the obtainment of these NPs fusogenic liposomes combined with extracellular vesicles, labelling their vesicular content without disrupting their membranes. These results could contribute to the advancement of nanomedicine, offering promising strategies for targeted cancer therapy and diagnostics.
In questo lavoro è sono stati esplorati lo sviluppo e la modifica della superficie di varie nanoparticelle per imaging e ldrug-delivery; l'obiettivo è quello di migliorare la specificità e l'efficacia dei trattamenti, riducendo gli effetti collaterali e migliorando l'aspettativa di vita dei pazienti. In questo caso, l'attenzione si è concentrata sulla sintesi e modifica di nanoparticelle di ossido di ittrio drogate con erbio e neodimio, nanocluster d'oro luminescenti e nanoparticelle a base di lipidi. La modifica ha dato la possibilità di migliorare la loro biocompatibilità e capacità di targeting. Le nanoparticelle di ossido di ittrio, inizialmente caratterizzate come una superficie inerte, sono state modificate con successo utilizzando la PEGilazione: di conseguenza, la loro solubilità nei fluidi biologici è stata aumentata, rendendole così utilizzabili per applicazioni biomediche, mentre i nanocluster d'oro sono stati funzionalizzati con peptidi, consentendo un targeting preciso e comportamenti dipendenti dal pH, fondamentali per un'efficace somministrazione di farmaci. Inoltre, questo progetto si è anche concentrato sulle vescicole extracellulari derivate da fluidi seminali e follicolari umani, i risultati hanno evidenziato la possibilità di utilizzarle per distinguere tra condizioni sane e patologiche. Questa tesi riporta inoltre la distribuzione in vivo di successo di nanocluster d'oro in modelli vegetali insieme a test di tossicità e biodistribuzione di nanoparticelle drogate con terre rare in cellule tumorali del colon-retto. L'ultimo passaggio di questo progetto si è concentrato sulla sintesi di nanosistemi ibridi: per l'ottenimento di queste NP liposomi fusogeni combinati con vescicole extracellulari, etichettando il loro contenuto vescicolare senza interrompere le loro membrane. Questi risultati potrebbero contribuire al progresso della nanomedicina, offrendo strategie promettenti per la terapia e la diagnostica mirate del cancro.
Functionalized Nanoparticles for Targeted Chemotherapy [Nanoparticelle funzionalizzate per terapie targat] / Butera, Ester. - (2025 Feb 25).
Functionalized Nanoparticles for Targeted Chemotherapy [Nanoparticelle funzionalizzate per terapie targat]
BUTERA, ESTER
2025-02-25
Abstract
This PhD thesis explores the development and surface modification of various nanoparticles for targeted imaging and drug delivery; the aim is to improve the specificity and efficacy of treatments, reducing side effects and improving the patients’ life expectancy. Herein, the attention was focused on the synthesis and modification of yttrium oxide nanoparticles doped with erbium and neodymium, luminescent gold nanoclusters, and lipid-based nanoparticles. The modification gave the possibility to improve their biocompatibility and targeting capabilities. The yttrium oxide nanoparticles, initially characterized as an inert surface, were successfully modified using PEGylation: as a result, their solubility in biological fluids was increased, thus making them usable for biomedical applications, while gold nanoclusters were functionalized with peptides, enabling precise targeting and pH-dependent behaviours, critical for effective drug delivery. Moreover, this project also focused on extracellular vesicles derived from human seminal and follicular fluids, the results highlighted the possibility to use them to discern between healthy and pathological conditions. This thesis further reports the successful in vivo distribution of gold nanoclusters in plant models together with toxicity and biodistribution tests of rare earth-doped nanoparticles in colorectal cancer cells. The last step of these project was focused on the synthesis of hybrid nano systems: for the obtainment of these NPs fusogenic liposomes combined with extracellular vesicles, labelling their vesicular content without disrupting their membranes. These results could contribute to the advancement of nanomedicine, offering promising strategies for targeted cancer therapy and diagnostics.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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PhD thesis Ester Butera .pdf
embargo fino al 25/02/2026
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