Primary stability (PS) of dental implants, especially within the first few weeks after implantation, It plays a significant role in predicting the success of dental implant treatment. PS is a mechanical implant anchoring within the bone that improve osseointegration and subsequent healing. This PS is essential because it determines whether the implant is going to be successful in the long run or not. There are different techniques that have been established to assess primary stability, all of which are accompanied by their own strengths and limitations. They are biomechanical tests, radiographic evaluation, clinical assessment, and more sophisticated ones such as torque measurements, resonance, frequency, analysis (RFA), and Periotest. The following is evidenced by the literature as being able to give useful implant stability insights but it must be chosen judiciously with respect to implants types, surgery technique, as well as patient factors. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main techniques employed to evaluate PS with an emphasis on their pros, cons, and clinical utility. Each technique contributes differently depending on the exact clinical scenario, such as bone quality, implant design, or patient health status. For example, RFA provides a non-invasive and reliable stability measurement, while torque measurements allow for direct mechanical retention measurement from the primary implant. The focus of this argument lies in utilizing different assessment approaches that yield a more robust and accurate sense of primary stability leading to the best patient outcomes. Therefore, a multi-dimensional assessment of PS is recommended for clinicians to allow for good implant success outcomes. Practitioners have been able to improve both the durability and predictability of dental implants by using the best appropriate ways to assess stability in selected clinical conditions. In summary, a multi-dimensional assessment of PS is advised for clinician use to ensure favorable implant success outcomes. Using the best appropriate ways of assessing stability as per on selected clinical conditions, practitioners can enhance the durability and predictability of dental implants.
Primary Stability of Dental Implants: A Narrative Review
Cicciu' M.;
2026-01-01
Abstract
Primary stability (PS) of dental implants, especially within the first few weeks after implantation, It plays a significant role in predicting the success of dental implant treatment. PS is a mechanical implant anchoring within the bone that improve osseointegration and subsequent healing. This PS is essential because it determines whether the implant is going to be successful in the long run or not. There are different techniques that have been established to assess primary stability, all of which are accompanied by their own strengths and limitations. They are biomechanical tests, radiographic evaluation, clinical assessment, and more sophisticated ones such as torque measurements, resonance, frequency, analysis (RFA), and Periotest. The following is evidenced by the literature as being able to give useful implant stability insights but it must be chosen judiciously with respect to implants types, surgery technique, as well as patient factors. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main techniques employed to evaluate PS with an emphasis on their pros, cons, and clinical utility. Each technique contributes differently depending on the exact clinical scenario, such as bone quality, implant design, or patient health status. For example, RFA provides a non-invasive and reliable stability measurement, while torque measurements allow for direct mechanical retention measurement from the primary implant. The focus of this argument lies in utilizing different assessment approaches that yield a more robust and accurate sense of primary stability leading to the best patient outcomes. Therefore, a multi-dimensional assessment of PS is recommended for clinicians to allow for good implant success outcomes. Practitioners have been able to improve both the durability and predictability of dental implants by using the best appropriate ways to assess stability in selected clinical conditions. In summary, a multi-dimensional assessment of PS is advised for clinician use to ensure favorable implant success outcomes. Using the best appropriate ways of assessing stability as per on selected clinical conditions, practitioners can enhance the durability and predictability of dental implants.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
