The research develops an integrated architecture to identify, assess and sustainably govern the low-enthalpy geothermal resource in Sicily, linking subsurface potential to the actual heating and cooling needs of buildings and constructing an operational framework useful to designers, operators and public decision-makers. The approach takes as a starting point the heterogeneity of regional contexts, from volcanic areas to minor islands and the urban and productive fabric of plains and hills, and recognizes that investment, permitting and management choices require transparent, verifiable and reproducible criteria. The aim does not end with the description of the potential, but extends to the transformation of geoscientific knowledge into implementable rules, so as to guide decision-making micro-zoning, site pre-selection, the preliminary sizing of plant solutions and the establishment of monitoring pathways that maintain over time the consistency between energy objectives, environmental constraints and quality of service. To achieve this goal, the work builds a coherent informational and evaluative framework capable of integrating different sources and providing usable operational guidance. The foundation is a geographic information system that harmonizes geological, hydrogeological, shallow geothermal, land-use and energy demand data, and organizes them into a normalized GeoDatabase, complemented by metadata, quality rules and versioning. On this platform, a multicriteria analysis procedure is implemented that selects physical, technical, environmental and logistical criteria, assigns weights consistent with the context, and synthesizes the results into suitability indices for low-enthalpy geothermal energy. The framework includes matching rules between suitability classes and thermal load density, with the aim of making immediately verifiable the consistency between demand and technological solutions, differentiating between systems exchanging with groundwater, single vertical boreholes or BTES fields, seasonal storages and hybrid configurations that can be integrated with next-generation district heating and cooling networks. In parallel, a geoeconomic model is defined, able to compare alternatives according to indicators widely used in professional practice, so as to bring out the trade-offs between initial investment, operating costs and economic value over the life cycle, and to explore—through sensitivity analyses—the impact of variables such as usage profiles, local conditions and price scenarios. The information chain is completed by an extraction, transformation and loading pipeline that safeguards data consistency and ensures traceability, while interoperability is ensured by the definition of essential application interfaces for querying and controlled updating of contents, thus enabling integration with external tools and the construction of value-added services such as thematic viewers, pre-screening modules and monitoring dashboards. The main results can be read on three interdependent levels. On the spatial and decision-making level, operational suitability maps emerge that translate the complexity of the subsurface and usage conditions into directly usable information layers, bringing to light more promising areas as a function of combinations of permeability, ground temperature, useful depth, environmental vulnerability, accessibility and compatibility with local thermal demand. These maps do not represent a simple cartographic exercise, but become coordination tools between disciplines and offices, as they make it possible to visualize the implications of different choices and to document the logical path leading from the initial assumptions to the design recommendations. On the typological and technological level, a taxonomy of contexts takes shape that identifies families of sites with recurrent responses to design stimuli, allowing knowledge transfer without lapsing into improper simplifications; this taxonomy is complemented by plant-to-site matching rules that hold together load density, infrastructure availability, environmental constraints and operating purposes, reducing the risks of over- or undersizing and steering selection towards configurations that maximize the overall efficiency of the building-plant system. On the informational-managerial level, the logical schema of the GeoDatabase and the essential endpoints for querying, filtered extraction and controlled updating constitute a stable basis for cooperation among stakeholders, reducing interpretative ambiguities, making data exchange between software more seamless and fostering the emergence of shared practices of evaluation and monitoring. Another significant outcome consists in the definition of a core set of energy, environmental and operational indicators designed for post-installation monitoring. The focus is on measurements under real operating conditions, capable of returning actual performance and making different plants comparable on homogeneous bases. This core allows timely highlighting of significant deviations from design expectations, interpreting their causes and planning corrective actions, triggering a learning cycle that realigns plants over time with the objectives originally declared. The design is completed by wireframes of viewers and dashboards that embody typical usage paths for operators with different needs: assisted localization of candidate sites, rapid checking of constraints and opportunities, reading of performance trends and comparison among technological or management scenarios. The validation of the entire framework is carried out by comparing the methodological structure with three contexts representative of regional variety, selected to explore different geological and socio-economic conditions; this step, together with internal consistency checks and sensitivity analyses, makes it possible to verify the robustness of the matching rules and the stability of outcomes as weights and decision thresholds vary, preventing recommendations from being the product of opaque assumptions or non-generalizable specificities. The implications of the work concern energy planning, data governance and professional practices. The availability of a shared information infrastructure, interoperability standards and interfaces designed around real tasks reduces time and uncertainty in the crucial phases of selection and preliminary sizing, and makes projects and solutions more comparable, as it standardizes evaluation criteria and clearly documents assumptions and steps. The combination of decision-making micro-zoning, matching rules and geoeconomic model makes it possible to focus on the trade-offs between energy benefits, costs and environmental constraints, anticipating scenarios and fostering a more informed dialogue with local communities and with the authorities responsible for permitting procedures. Where there are strong landscape sensitivities or stringent environmental protections, the ability to simulate alternative pathways and to make expected effects on observable parameters explicit makes choices more transparent and the identification of operating conditions and mitigation measures compatible with the public interest easier. The proposed approach also shows a clear vocation to replicability and suggests paths for gradual implementation. The modular nature of the system makes it possible to start from the establishment of the GeoDatabase with priority information layers, continue with the commissioning of essential interfaces and cartographic viewers, and mature through pilot projects that initiate monitoring cycles on real plants, so as to feed operational data into the periodic revision of weights and thresholds and to refine matching rules based on the evidence gathered. Sicily, thanks to its geological peculiarities and the coexistence of urban, insular and volcanic contexts, constitutes a useful testbed for experimenting with coordination mechanisms among institutions, modes of involvement of economic operators and practices for maintaining the information infrastructure; at the same time, the methodological framework retains sufficient generality to be extended to other Mediterranean territories with comparable geotechnical conditions and socio-economic structures, thanks to the clarity of assumptions, the transparency of calculations and the use of indicators widely shared in the professional community. Overall, the work argues that low-enthalpy geothermal energy, when accompanied by a robust information system and an integrated feasibility assessment, can credibly contribute to the decarbonization of thermal consumption, especially where the seasonality of needs and the retrofitting of the existing building stock call for flexible and scalable solutions. The added value does not lie solely in having linked heterogeneous data sources and different plant technologies, but in having built a learning and coordination device that makes investment and management decisions faster, more justifiable and more verifiable over time. The convergence of geosciences, plant engineering, economic-financial evaluation, data management and interface design produces a common language and a method that reduce the gap between analysis and decision, offering designers and public administrations a practical pathway to transform a widespread potential into interventions consistent with regional energy transition objectives.
La ricerca sviluppa un’architettura integrata per individuare, valutare e governare in modo sostenibile la risorsa geotermica a bassa entalpia in Sicilia, collegando il potenziale del sottosuolo ai bisogni effettivi di riscaldamento e raffrescamento degli edifici e costruendo un quadro operativo utile a progettisti, gestori e decisori pubblici. L’impostazione assume come dato di partenza l’eterogeneità dei contesti regionali, dalle aree vulcaniche alle isole minori fino ai tessuti urbani e produttivi di pianura e collina, e riconosce che le scelte di investimento, autorizzazione e gestione richiedono criteri trasparenti, verificabili e riproducibili. La finalità non si esaurisce nella descrizione del potenziale, ma si estende alla trasformazione della conoscenza geoscientifica in regole implementabili, così da orientare la microzonazione decisionale, la preselezione dei siti, il predimensionamento delle soluzioni impiantistiche e l’istituzione di percorsi di monitoraggio che mantengano nel tempo la coerenza tra obiettivi energetici, vincoli ambientali e qualità del servizio. Per raggiungere tale scopo, il lavoro costruisce un impianto informativo e valutativo coerente, capace di integrare fonti diverse e di restituire indicazioni operative fruibili. La base è un sistema informativo geografico che armonizza dati geologici, idrogeologici, geotermici superficiali, d’uso del suolo e di domanda energetica, e li organizza in un GeoDatabase normalizzato, corredato da metadati, regole di qualità e versionamento. Su questa piattaforma si innesta una procedura di analisi multicriterio che seleziona criteri fisici, tecnici, ambientali e logistici, attribuisce pesi coerenti con il contesto e sintetizza i risultati in indici di idoneità per la geotermia a bassa entalpia. L’impianto prevede regole di abbinamento tra classi di idoneità e densità di carico termico, con l’obiettivo di rendere immediatamente verificabile la coerenza tra domanda e soluzioni tecnologiche, differenziando tra sistemi con scambio con acqua di falda, sonde verticali singole o in campi BTES, accumuli stagionali e configurazioni ibride integrabili con reti di teleriscaldamento e teleraffrescamento di nuova generazione. In parallelo viene definito un modello geoeconomico capace di confrontare le alternative secondo indicatori ampiamente utilizzati nella pratica professionale, in modo da far emergere i compromessi tra investimento iniziale, costi operativi e valore economico lungo il ciclo di vita, e da esplorare, attraverso analisi di sensibilità, l’impatto di variabili quali profili d’uso, condizioni locali e scenari di prezzo. La catena informativa è completata da una pipeline di estrazione, trasformazione e caricamento che presidia la coerenza dei dati e ne garantisce la tracciabilità, mentre l’interoperabilità è assicurata dalla definizione di interfacce applicative essenziali per la consultazione e l’aggiornamento controllato dei contenuti, così da abilitare l’integrazione con strumenti esterni e la costruzione di servizi a valore aggiunto come viewer tematici, moduli di preverifica e dashboard di monitoraggio. I risultati principali possono essere letti su tre piani tra loro interdipendenti. Sul piano spaziale e decisionale emergono mappe di idoneità operativa che traducono la complessità del sottosuolo e delle condizioni d’uso in livelli informativi direttamente utilizzabili, facendo emergere aree più promettenti in funzione di combinazioni di permeabilità, temperatura del terreno, profondità utile, vulnerabilità ambientale, accessibilità e compatibilità con la domanda termica locale. Queste mappe non rappresentano un semplice esercizio cartografico, ma diventano strumenti di coordinamento tra discipline e uffici, poiché permettono di visualizzare le implicazioni di scelte diverse e di documentare il percorso logico che conduce dalle ipotesi di partenza alle raccomandazioni progettuali. Sul piano tipologico e tecnologico prende forma una tassonomia dei contesti che riconosce famiglie di siti con risposte ricorrenti agli stimoli progettuali, consentendo di trasferire conoscenza senza scadere in semplificazioni improprie; a tale tassonomia si affiancano regole di abbinamento impianto‑sito che tengono insieme densità di carico, disponibilità di infrastrutture, vincoli ambientali e finalità di esercizio, riducendo i rischi di sovradimensionamento o sottodimensionamento e orientando la selezione verso configurazioni che massimizzano l’efficienza complessiva del sistema edificio‑impianto. Sul piano informativo‑gestionale, lo schema logico del GeoDatabase e gli endpoint essenziali per la consultazione, l’estrazione filtrata e l’aggiornamento controllato costituiscono una base stabile per la cooperazione tra soggetti, diminuendo ambiguità interpretative, rendendo più fluido l’interscambio tra software e favorendo la nascita di pratiche di valutazione e monitoraggio condivise. Un ulteriore esito rilevante consiste nella definizione di un nucleo di indicatori energetici, ambientali e operativi pensati per il monitoraggio post‑installazione. L’attenzione è rivolta alle misure in condizioni reali d’uso, in grado di restituire la prestazione effettiva e di rendere confrontabili impianti diversi su basi omogenee. Tale nucleo consente di evidenziare in modo tempestivo scostamenti significativi rispetto alle attese di progetto, di interpretarne le cause e di pianificare azioni correttive, innestando un ciclo di apprendimento che riallinea nel tempo gli impianti agli obiettivi originariamente dichiarati. Il disegno è completato da wireframe di viewer e dashboard che concretizzano percorsi d’uso tipici per operatori con esigenze differenti: localizzazione assistita di siti candidati, verifica rapida di vincoli e opportunità, lettura di trend prestazionali e confronto tra scenari tecnologici o gestionali. La validazione dell’intero impianto avviene confrontando la struttura metodologica con tre contesti rappresentativi della varietà regionale, selezionati per esplorare condizioni geologiche e socio‑economiche differenti; questo passaggio, insieme ai controlli di coerenza interna e alle analisi di sensibilità, consente di verificare la robustezza delle regole di abbinamento e la stabilità degli esiti al variare dei pesi e delle soglie decisionali, evitando che le raccomandazioni siano il frutto di assunzioni opache o di specificità non generalizzabili. Le implicazioni che discendono dal lavoro interessano la pianificazione energetica, la governance dei dati e le pratiche professionali. La disponibilità di una infrastruttura informativa condivisa, di standard di interoperabilità e di interfacce disegnate sui compiti reali riduce tempi e incertezze nelle fasi cruciali di selezione e predimensionamento e rende più comparabili progetti e soluzioni, poiché uniforma i criteri di valutazione e documenta con chiarezza assunzioni e passaggi. La combinazione di microzonazione decisionale, regole di abbinamento e modello geoeconomico permette di mettere a fuoco i compromessi tra benefici energetici, costi e vincoli ambientali, anticipando scenari e favorendo un dialogo più informato con le comunità locali e con le autorità preposte ai procedimenti autorizzativi. Laddove esistano sensibilità paesaggistiche o tutele ambientali stringenti, la possibilità di simulare percorsi alternativi e di esplicitare gli effetti attesi su parametri osservabili rende più trasparenti le scelte e più agevole l’individuazione di condizioni di esercizio e mitigazioni compatibili con l’interesse pubblico. L’approccio proposto mostra inoltre una chiara vocazione alla replicabilità e suggerisce percorsi di implementazione graduale. La natura modulare del sistema consente di iniziare dall’istituzione del GeoDatabase con gli strati informativi prioritari, proseguire con la messa in esercizio delle interfacce essenziali e dei viewer cartografici, e maturare attraverso progetti pilota che innestino cicli di monitoraggio su impianti reali, in modo da alimentare con dati operativi la revisione periodica dei pesi e delle soglie e da affinare le regole di abbinamento in funzione delle evidenze raccolte. La Sicilia, per le sue peculiarità geologiche e la compresenza di contesti urbani, insulari e vulcanici, costituisce un banco di prova utile per sperimentare meccanismi di coordinamento tra enti, modalità di coinvolgimento degli operatori economici e pratiche di manutenzione dell’infrastruttura informativa; allo stesso tempo, l’impianto metodologico conserva sufficiente generalità per essere esteso ad altri territori mediterranei con condizioni geotecniche e assetti socio‑economici assimilabili, grazie alla chiarezza delle assunzioni, alla trasparenza dei calcoli e all’uso di indicatori largamente condivisi nella comunità professionale. Nel complesso, l’elaborato sostiene l’idea che la geotermia a bassa entalpia, quando è accompagnata da un sistema informativo solido e da una valutazione integrata della fattibilità, possa contribuire in modo credibile alla decarbonizzazione dei consumi termici, soprattutto dove la stagionalità dei fabbisogni e il retrofitting del costruito impongono soluzioni flessibili e scalabili. Il valore aggiunto non risiede soltanto nell’aver messo in relazione fonti di dati eterogenee e tecnologie impiantistiche diverse, ma nell’aver costruito un dispositivo di apprendimento e coordinamento che rende più rapide, giustificabili e verificabili nel tempo le scelte di investimento e gestione. L’incontro tra geoscienze, ingegneria degli impianti, valutazione economico‑finanziaria, gestione dei dati e progettazione delle interfacce produce un lessico comune e un metodo che riducono la distanza tra analisi e decisione, e che offrono a progettisti e amministrazioni un percorso praticabile per trasformare un potenziale diffuso in interventi coerenti con gli obiettivi regionali di transizione energetica.
Tecniche innovative per la gestione, lo sfruttamento e il monitoraggio della risorsa geotermica in Sicilia: Il resource management al servizio della transizione green / Urso, S.. - (2026 Feb 17).
Tecniche innovative per la gestione, lo sfruttamento e il monitoraggio della risorsa geotermica in Sicilia: Il resource management al servizio della transizione green.
URSO, SALVATORE
2026-02-17
Abstract
The research develops an integrated architecture to identify, assess and sustainably govern the low-enthalpy geothermal resource in Sicily, linking subsurface potential to the actual heating and cooling needs of buildings and constructing an operational framework useful to designers, operators and public decision-makers. The approach takes as a starting point the heterogeneity of regional contexts, from volcanic areas to minor islands and the urban and productive fabric of plains and hills, and recognizes that investment, permitting and management choices require transparent, verifiable and reproducible criteria. The aim does not end with the description of the potential, but extends to the transformation of geoscientific knowledge into implementable rules, so as to guide decision-making micro-zoning, site pre-selection, the preliminary sizing of plant solutions and the establishment of monitoring pathways that maintain over time the consistency between energy objectives, environmental constraints and quality of service. To achieve this goal, the work builds a coherent informational and evaluative framework capable of integrating different sources and providing usable operational guidance. The foundation is a geographic information system that harmonizes geological, hydrogeological, shallow geothermal, land-use and energy demand data, and organizes them into a normalized GeoDatabase, complemented by metadata, quality rules and versioning. On this platform, a multicriteria analysis procedure is implemented that selects physical, technical, environmental and logistical criteria, assigns weights consistent with the context, and synthesizes the results into suitability indices for low-enthalpy geothermal energy. The framework includes matching rules between suitability classes and thermal load density, with the aim of making immediately verifiable the consistency between demand and technological solutions, differentiating between systems exchanging with groundwater, single vertical boreholes or BTES fields, seasonal storages and hybrid configurations that can be integrated with next-generation district heating and cooling networks. In parallel, a geoeconomic model is defined, able to compare alternatives according to indicators widely used in professional practice, so as to bring out the trade-offs between initial investment, operating costs and economic value over the life cycle, and to explore—through sensitivity analyses—the impact of variables such as usage profiles, local conditions and price scenarios. The information chain is completed by an extraction, transformation and loading pipeline that safeguards data consistency and ensures traceability, while interoperability is ensured by the definition of essential application interfaces for querying and controlled updating of contents, thus enabling integration with external tools and the construction of value-added services such as thematic viewers, pre-screening modules and monitoring dashboards. The main results can be read on three interdependent levels. On the spatial and decision-making level, operational suitability maps emerge that translate the complexity of the subsurface and usage conditions into directly usable information layers, bringing to light more promising areas as a function of combinations of permeability, ground temperature, useful depth, environmental vulnerability, accessibility and compatibility with local thermal demand. These maps do not represent a simple cartographic exercise, but become coordination tools between disciplines and offices, as they make it possible to visualize the implications of different choices and to document the logical path leading from the initial assumptions to the design recommendations. On the typological and technological level, a taxonomy of contexts takes shape that identifies families of sites with recurrent responses to design stimuli, allowing knowledge transfer without lapsing into improper simplifications; this taxonomy is complemented by plant-to-site matching rules that hold together load density, infrastructure availability, environmental constraints and operating purposes, reducing the risks of over- or undersizing and steering selection towards configurations that maximize the overall efficiency of the building-plant system. On the informational-managerial level, the logical schema of the GeoDatabase and the essential endpoints for querying, filtered extraction and controlled updating constitute a stable basis for cooperation among stakeholders, reducing interpretative ambiguities, making data exchange between software more seamless and fostering the emergence of shared practices of evaluation and monitoring. Another significant outcome consists in the definition of a core set of energy, environmental and operational indicators designed for post-installation monitoring. The focus is on measurements under real operating conditions, capable of returning actual performance and making different plants comparable on homogeneous bases. This core allows timely highlighting of significant deviations from design expectations, interpreting their causes and planning corrective actions, triggering a learning cycle that realigns plants over time with the objectives originally declared. The design is completed by wireframes of viewers and dashboards that embody typical usage paths for operators with different needs: assisted localization of candidate sites, rapid checking of constraints and opportunities, reading of performance trends and comparison among technological or management scenarios. The validation of the entire framework is carried out by comparing the methodological structure with three contexts representative of regional variety, selected to explore different geological and socio-economic conditions; this step, together with internal consistency checks and sensitivity analyses, makes it possible to verify the robustness of the matching rules and the stability of outcomes as weights and decision thresholds vary, preventing recommendations from being the product of opaque assumptions or non-generalizable specificities. The implications of the work concern energy planning, data governance and professional practices. The availability of a shared information infrastructure, interoperability standards and interfaces designed around real tasks reduces time and uncertainty in the crucial phases of selection and preliminary sizing, and makes projects and solutions more comparable, as it standardizes evaluation criteria and clearly documents assumptions and steps. The combination of decision-making micro-zoning, matching rules and geoeconomic model makes it possible to focus on the trade-offs between energy benefits, costs and environmental constraints, anticipating scenarios and fostering a more informed dialogue with local communities and with the authorities responsible for permitting procedures. Where there are strong landscape sensitivities or stringent environmental protections, the ability to simulate alternative pathways and to make expected effects on observable parameters explicit makes choices more transparent and the identification of operating conditions and mitigation measures compatible with the public interest easier. The proposed approach also shows a clear vocation to replicability and suggests paths for gradual implementation. The modular nature of the system makes it possible to start from the establishment of the GeoDatabase with priority information layers, continue with the commissioning of essential interfaces and cartographic viewers, and mature through pilot projects that initiate monitoring cycles on real plants, so as to feed operational data into the periodic revision of weights and thresholds and to refine matching rules based on the evidence gathered. Sicily, thanks to its geological peculiarities and the coexistence of urban, insular and volcanic contexts, constitutes a useful testbed for experimenting with coordination mechanisms among institutions, modes of involvement of economic operators and practices for maintaining the information infrastructure; at the same time, the methodological framework retains sufficient generality to be extended to other Mediterranean territories with comparable geotechnical conditions and socio-economic structures, thanks to the clarity of assumptions, the transparency of calculations and the use of indicators widely shared in the professional community. Overall, the work argues that low-enthalpy geothermal energy, when accompanied by a robust information system and an integrated feasibility assessment, can credibly contribute to the decarbonization of thermal consumption, especially where the seasonality of needs and the retrofitting of the existing building stock call for flexible and scalable solutions. The added value does not lie solely in having linked heterogeneous data sources and different plant technologies, but in having built a learning and coordination device that makes investment and management decisions faster, more justifiable and more verifiable over time. The convergence of geosciences, plant engineering, economic-financial evaluation, data management and interface design produces a common language and a method that reduce the gap between analysis and decision, offering designers and public administrations a practical pathway to transform a widespread potential into interventions consistent with regional energy transition objectives.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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