Civil Society and the politics of development

This chapter aims at discussing the roles of civil society organizations (CSOs) and, in particular, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the building and implementation of international development policy. In line with the aim of the book, it is here assumed that, within the wider CSO community, NGOs have sustained their own agendas and roles. By implementing projects in the field, they have also maintained a link with states but also operated within international organizations' bodies and agencies. This double channel has allowed them to maintain their executive role, but also to develop lobbying capacity and the ability to exert influence on policy-making. When also complemented by relationships with local stakeholders, we see how NGOs have been relevant in shaping development agenda over the decades and in adapting to historical and political change. In a policy field traditionally associated to civil society, but which has also been subject to contemporary deep changes, NGOs have developed a multi-layered and essential place.