Organic waste management and health

Occurrence and Behavior of Emerging Contaminants in Organic Wastes and Their Control Strategies is a comprehensive book that covers the occurrences of microplastics, antibiotic resistance genes, antimicrobial resistance genes, pharmaceutical and personal care products, and other emerging contaminants discharged in different types of organic wastes. This book addresses the challenges and recent advances in understanding and mitigating the impact of emerging contaminants in organic wastes. Emerging contaminants have gained significant attention due to their widespread occurrence and potential environmental and health hazards. This book provides valuable insights into the occurrence and behavior of these contaminants, showing contributions from top experts in the field. This book promotes the development of green and eco-friendly technologies for removing emerging contaminants in organic wastes. This book is spread into 13 chapters covering the occurrence, monitoring, and behavior of emerging contaminants and their control strategies. Chapter 1 discusses the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in organic wastes such as sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants in the framework of the circular economy. This chapter also examines the risks associated with the reuse of organic waste in agriculture. Chapter 2 evaluates the fate and behavior microplastics in biosolid, and its effects on agricultural soils, plants, and earthworms. Chapter 3 focuses on the occurrence, fate, detection, ecological impact, and mitigation of antimicrobial resistance genes derived from animal wastes. Chapter 4 discusses E-waste legislation framework and green and sustainable E-waste management. Chapter 5 reviews the research on microplastics in excess sludge. This chapter also discussed the sources, content, and potential hazards of microplastics, and a review of sampling, preparation, and identification methods for microplastic sample detection. Chapter 6 covers the fate of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge. Chapter 7 addresses the environmental behavior of exogenous emerging contaminants on the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. This chapter also discusses the impacts of exogenous emerging contaminants on waste activated sludge digestion efficiency, disclosed the underlying mechanisms, and also provides the corresponding promising mitigation approach. Chapter 8 investigated the potential applications of biochar in mitigating environmental pollutants and also discussed the insights toward the framework of circular bioeconomy. Chapter 9 discussed the common synthetic composting additives in reducing antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the sludge composting process. This chapter also reviewed the current laws and factors influencing the reduction of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the sludge composting process. Chapter 10 focuses on the change in species and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes across different vermicomposting products and also discusses the antibiotic resistance genes removal efficiency, including biochar and herbal medicine residues. Chapter 11 discusses the critical influence factors for decreasing the antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. This chapter also addresses the various factors that have significant impacts on the digestion process of organic waste. Chapter 12 reviews the occurrence, behavior, and fate of microplastics in agricultural and livestock wastes and their impact on agricultural fields. Finally, Chapter 13 covers organic waste management and health-related problems. As waste xvii management is strongly linked to health, if it is not managed correctly, it can damage the environment and human health. This book gathers the expertise of leading scientists in the field and offers insights into the fate, occurrence, monitoring, and control strategies for these pollutants. By using a comprehensive approach and considering various aspects of the issue, it aims to contribute to the development of effective strategies for mitigating emerging contaminants in our environment.