Multiple studies have shown a correlation between schizophrenia and changes in the immune system, particularly in the concentrations of cytokines and chemokines. Chemo-cytokines are proteins that facilitate communication between cells and significantly impact the control of immune response and inflammation. The etiology of schizophrenia has been linked to several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Specifically, schizophrenia is thought to be causally linked to the activation of the inflammasome complex and the consequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. This research seeks to investigate the correlation between blood concentrations of cyto-chemokines, namely IL-1β, IL-18, TGF-β1, RANTES, and Eotaxin, and the use of treatment including first- and second-generation extended-release injectable antipsychotics. The research was conducted on a cohort of 18 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, who were separated into two groups. Each group received either the injectable antipsychotic Paliperidone Palmitate (PAL-LAI) or Haloperidol Decanoate (HD), respectively. Both groups were subjected to blood samples for chemo-cytokine analysis and evaluated for psychopathological profile using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia, as well as cognitive performance using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). These assessments were conducted at two-time points: T0 and after six months (T1). PAL-LAI, administered at T1, did not impact pro-inflammatory cytokines, save for IL-18. Conversely, PAL-LAI was associated with elevated TGF-β1, a cytokine renowned for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective characteristics. Conversely, individuals undergoing HD exhibited increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory chemo-cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-18, RANTES, and Eotaxin, while seeing a reduction in TGF-β1. Furthermore, those with heightened levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and Eotaxin had more pronounced symptoms in the positive domain of schizophrenia and experienced more extensive psychopathological impairment overall. Patients exhibiting increased levels of Eotaxin had greater cognitive impairment. The presence of TGF-β1 was shown to have a favorable correlation with an improved cognitive profile. The presence of chemo-cytokines in our sample did not show any correlation with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Overall, patients who received PAL-LAI therapy maintained consistent levels of pro-inflammatory chemo-cytokines from T0 to T1, whereas patients who had HD treatment exhibited elevated levels of these chemo-cytokines. Furthermore, the levels of TGF-β1 were shown to be lower in participants treated with HD at T1 compared to those treated with PAL-LAI.
Diverse ricerche hanno suggerito una relazione tra schizofrenia e alterazioni del sistema immunitario, e in particolare nei livelli di citochine e chemochine. Le chemo-citochine sono proteine di segnalazione intercellulare, che svolgono un ruolo cruciale nella regolazione della risposta immunitaria e dell'infiammazione. La fisiopatologia della schizofrenia è stata associata a diverse chemo-citochine pro-infiammatorie e anti-infiammatorie. In particolare, si ritiene che la schizofrenia sia causalmente legata all'attivazione del complesso inflammasoma e alla conseguente generazione di citochine pro-infiammatorie, come IL-1β e IL-18. Questo studio si propone di esaminare la relazione tra i livelli ematici di cito-chemochine, come IL-1β, IL-18, TGF-β1, RANTES, Eotaxina, e la somministrazione di terapia con antipsicotici iniettivi di prima e seconda generazione a rilascio prolungato. Lo studio è stato effettuato su un campione di 18 pazienti con schizofrenia, suddivisi in due gruppi, a cui erano stati somministrati rispettivamente gli antipsicotici iniettivi Paliperidone Palmitato (PAL-LAI) e Aloperidolo Decanoato (HD). Entrambi i gruppi sono stati sottoposti a prelievo ematico per il dosaggio delle chemo-citochine e valutati nel profilo psicopatologico tramite la Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), per la schizofrenia, e il MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) per la funzione cognitiva, valutati a T0 e dopo 6 mesi (T1). PAL-LAI, a T1, non ha manifestato un effetto sulle citochine pro-infiammatorie, ad eccezione dell'IL-18. PAL-LAI, al contrario, è legato ad un aumento del TGF-β1, una citochina nota per le sue proprietà antinfiammatorie e neuroprotettive. Al contrario, i soggetti sottoposti a HD presentavano livelli elevati di chemo-citochine pro-infiammatorie, come IL-1β, IL-18, RANTES e Eotaxina e una diminuzione del TGF-β1. Inoltre i pazienti con livelli elevati di IL-1β, IL-18 e Eotaxina presentavano sintomi più gravi nel dominio positivo della schizofrenia e una maggiore compromissione psicopatologica complessiva. I pazienti con livelli elevati di Eotaxina apparivano maggiormente compromesso nel dominio cognitivo. TGF-β1, al contrario, correla positivamente con un profilo cognitivo migliore. I sintomi negativi della schizofrenia non erano correlati alle chemo-citochine nel nostro campione. In conclusione, i pazienti a cui è stato somministrato il PAL-LAI presentavano un livelli di chemo-citochine pro-infiammatorie costante tra T0 a T1, mentre i pazienti che avevano ricevuto un trattamento con HD presentavano livelli più elevati di chemo-citochine proinfiammatorie. Inoltre, i livelli di TGF-β1 sono risultati più bassi nei soggetti trattati con HD al T1 rispetto a quelli trattati con PAL-LAI.
L'impatto degli antipsicotici long-acting sui marker della neuroinfiammazione associati alla schizofrenia / Messina, Antonino. - (2024 Feb 21).
L'impatto degli antipsicotici long-acting sui marker della neuroinfiammazione associati alla schizofrenia
MESSINA, ANTONINO
2024-02-21
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown a correlation between schizophrenia and changes in the immune system, particularly in the concentrations of cytokines and chemokines. Chemo-cytokines are proteins that facilitate communication between cells and significantly impact the control of immune response and inflammation. The etiology of schizophrenia has been linked to several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Specifically, schizophrenia is thought to be causally linked to the activation of the inflammasome complex and the consequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. This research seeks to investigate the correlation between blood concentrations of cyto-chemokines, namely IL-1β, IL-18, TGF-β1, RANTES, and Eotaxin, and the use of treatment including first- and second-generation extended-release injectable antipsychotics. The research was conducted on a cohort of 18 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, who were separated into two groups. Each group received either the injectable antipsychotic Paliperidone Palmitate (PAL-LAI) or Haloperidol Decanoate (HD), respectively. Both groups were subjected to blood samples for chemo-cytokine analysis and evaluated for psychopathological profile using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia, as well as cognitive performance using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). These assessments were conducted at two-time points: T0 and after six months (T1). PAL-LAI, administered at T1, did not impact pro-inflammatory cytokines, save for IL-18. Conversely, PAL-LAI was associated with elevated TGF-β1, a cytokine renowned for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective characteristics. Conversely, individuals undergoing HD exhibited increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory chemo-cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-18, RANTES, and Eotaxin, while seeing a reduction in TGF-β1. Furthermore, those with heightened levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and Eotaxin had more pronounced symptoms in the positive domain of schizophrenia and experienced more extensive psychopathological impairment overall. Patients exhibiting increased levels of Eotaxin had greater cognitive impairment. The presence of TGF-β1 was shown to have a favorable correlation with an improved cognitive profile. The presence of chemo-cytokines in our sample did not show any correlation with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Overall, patients who received PAL-LAI therapy maintained consistent levels of pro-inflammatory chemo-cytokines from T0 to T1, whereas patients who had HD treatment exhibited elevated levels of these chemo-cytokines. Furthermore, the levels of TGF-β1 were shown to be lower in participants treated with HD at T1 compared to those treated with PAL-LAI.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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