Effective networking, formal versus substantial compliance, conflicting powers: strengths and weaknesses of environmental criminal provisions enforcement networks in Italy

This article analyses environmental enforcement networks and other forms of a network-based approach to environmental compliance and enforcement in Italy, from both a theoretical and factual perspective; the article also focuses on the Ilva case, where the lack of informal networking for the enforcement of environmental provisions (including the criminal ones) has contributed, together with other multiple factors, to causing negative effects on the effectiveness of environmental protection, as well as on other related interests.