The extraordinary acquisitions that have been produced in recent years by molecular biology, evolutionary psychology and cognitive neuroscience have questioned several key points of sociological theorizing on individual and collective behavior. Based on evolutionary considerations matured within those disciplines, some interpretative proposals have even posed their more critical accents on irreducibility of forms and cultural processes to the foundations and codes of organic life. Through the establishment of plans for discussion on genetic roots of behavior, on innate structure of mental processes, and then on the faculties of communication and learning, as so relevant they are in modelling social interactions, some of the issues concerning the natural and cultural limits of behavior are so re-emergence in reference to boundaries of individual responsibility, free will, decision-making processes and reasons for social inequality. And of course, along with these, within the current critical dialogue between social sciences and behavioral genetics on possibility of reducing to convincing models and algorithms the link between genes and behavioral traits, also the fear of biological determinism has reappeared, with its implication on perfectibility of social life, on citizenship rights, and more generally on the ideals of equality and progress.
Le straordinarie acquisizioni che negli ultimi anni sono state prodotte dalla biologia molecolare, dalla psicologia evoluzionistica e dalle neuroscienze cognitive hanno posto in discussione diversi punti fermi della teoresi sociologica sui comportamenti individuali e collettivi. Sulla base di considerazioni evoluzionistiche maturate all’interno di tali discipline, alcune proposte interpretative hanno addirittura posto gli accenti più critici sull’irriducibilità delle forme e dei processi culturali ai fondamenti e ai codici della vita organica. Attraverso l’istituirsi di piani di confronto sulle radici genetiche del comportamento, sulla struttura innata dei processi mentali, e quindi sulle facoltà comunica¬tive e di apprendimento così rilevanti per modellare le interazioni sociali, sono così tornati d’attualità alcuni dei temi concernenti i limiti naturali e culturali del comportamento; i confini delle responsabilità in¬dividuali, del libero arbitrio, dei processi decisionali; le ragioni delle ineguaglianze so¬ciali. E naturalmente, assieme a questi, all’interno dell’attuale dialogo critico tra le scienze sociali e la genetrica comportamentale sulla possibilità di ridurre a modelli e algoritmi convincenti il legame tra corredo genetico e tratti comportamentali, sono riapparsi anche gli spettri del determinismo biologico, della non perfettibilità della vita sociale, della ri¬mozione dei diritti di cittadinanza, e più in generale del tramonto degli ideali di uguaglianza e progresso.
Modelli evolutivi e teoria sociologica
VIGNERA, Roberto
2010-01-01
Abstract
The extraordinary acquisitions that have been produced in recent years by molecular biology, evolutionary psychology and cognitive neuroscience have questioned several key points of sociological theorizing on individual and collective behavior. Based on evolutionary considerations matured within those disciplines, some interpretative proposals have even posed their more critical accents on irreducibility of forms and cultural processes to the foundations and codes of organic life. Through the establishment of plans for discussion on genetic roots of behavior, on innate structure of mental processes, and then on the faculties of communication and learning, as so relevant they are in modelling social interactions, some of the issues concerning the natural and cultural limits of behavior are so re-emergence in reference to boundaries of individual responsibility, free will, decision-making processes and reasons for social inequality. And of course, along with these, within the current critical dialogue between social sciences and behavioral genetics on possibility of reducing to convincing models and algorithms the link between genes and behavioral traits, also the fear of biological determinism has reappeared, with its implication on perfectibility of social life, on citizenship rights, and more generally on the ideals of equality and progress.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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