Male accessory gland infections (MAGI) are included among the conventional diagnostic categories which are recognized to cause male infertility. They constitute a clinical model of oxidative stress for a number of considerations: a) some uro-pathogens or etiological agents of sexually transmitted diseases (Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum) by themselves, microbial products, and/or toxic metabolites may contribute to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS); b) the canalicular spread of pathogens to one or more male accessory glands cause a further increase of ROS production, because they become site of inflammation as shown by the presence morpho-structural abnormalities. The infecting pathogen triggers an inflammatory process which includes a series of multiple persistent components, such as kinetic of leukocyte subpopulations, pattern of cytokine production, and morpho-structural abnormalities of the infected glands. This results in a final impairment of conventional and non-conventional sperm parameters. Therefore, MAGI-related oxidative stress is the sum of a micro-environmental and sperm-related damage. This includes several redox imbalance in the gland (ratio between gland inflamed areas/non-inflamed areas), pattern of cytokine release (pro-oxidative/antioxidant ratio), and sperm microenvironment (ROS overproduction/decreased antioxidant activity of the seminal plasma).
Male accessory gland infections (MAGI) are included among the conventional diagnostic categories which are recognized to cause male infertility. They constitute a clinical model of oxidative stress for a number of considerations: a) some uro-pathogens or etiological agents of sexually transmitted diseases (Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum) by themselves, microbial products, and/or toxic metabolites may contribute to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS); b) the canalicular spread of pathogens to one or more male accessory glands cause a further increase of ROS production, because they become site of inflammation as shown by the presence morpho-structural abnormalities. The infecting pathogen triggers an inflammatory process which includes a series of multiple persistent components, such as kinetic of leukocyte subpopulations, pattern of cytokine production, and morpho-structural abnormalities of the infected glands. This results in a final impairment of conventional and non-conventional sperm parameters. Therefore, MAGI-related oxidative stress is the sum of a micro-environmental and sperm-related damage. This includes several redox imbalance in the gland (ratio between gland inflamed areas/non-inflamed areas), pattern of cytokine release (pro-oxidative/antioxidant ratio), and sperm microenvironment (ROS overproduction/decreased antioxidant activity of the seminal plasma).
Oxidative stress and infection
VICARI, Enzo Saretto;LA VIGNERA, SANDRO SALVUCCIO MARIA;CALOGERO, Aldo Eugenio
2012-01-01
Abstract
Male accessory gland infections (MAGI) are included among the conventional diagnostic categories which are recognized to cause male infertility. They constitute a clinical model of oxidative stress for a number of considerations: a) some uro-pathogens or etiological agents of sexually transmitted diseases (Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum) by themselves, microbial products, and/or toxic metabolites may contribute to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS); b) the canalicular spread of pathogens to one or more male accessory glands cause a further increase of ROS production, because they become site of inflammation as shown by the presence morpho-structural abnormalities. The infecting pathogen triggers an inflammatory process which includes a series of multiple persistent components, such as kinetic of leukocyte subpopulations, pattern of cytokine production, and morpho-structural abnormalities of the infected glands. This results in a final impairment of conventional and non-conventional sperm parameters. Therefore, MAGI-related oxidative stress is the sum of a micro-environmental and sperm-related damage. This includes several redox imbalance in the gland (ratio between gland inflamed areas/non-inflamed areas), pattern of cytokine release (pro-oxidative/antioxidant ratio), and sperm microenvironment (ROS overproduction/decreased antioxidant activity of the seminal plasma).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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