The constant efforts of the Church in the early Middle Ages to curb the persistence of pagan practices are well illustrated by the pastoral action of Gregory, bishop of Tours from 573 to 594. In particular, this paper aims to examine the extent to which Gregory, both in the Libri Historiarum and in the Libri octo miraculorum, emphasized the fundamental role of the saints and their relics in curing the numerous diseases that afflicted the faithful, and the vigilance on the part of the clergy in preventing the people from giving credence to impostors who promised miraculous medical remedies. Starting from the assumption that only the saints, and Martin of Tours in particular, could cure the sickness of the body and above all of the soul, the Gallic bishop points out in his writings the fallacy of those pseudo-prophets and astrologers who deceived the rusticitas of the Gallic population (that is to say, the most ignorant and naïve) with their abominable necromantic arts. The only legitimate spiritual powers were those invoked by the viri Dei to cure the sick, and among these we shall look more closely at the paralytics, whose stories allow us to understand the extent to which recourse to the thaumaturgical potentia of the saints could be an effective means (a sort of medical science) not only of defeating illness, but also of giving the faithful an example of how to combat the charlatans who promised false miracles.
I costanti sforzi della Chiesa nell'Alto Medioevo per arginare la persistenza di pratiche pagane sono ben illustrati dall'azione pastorale di Gregorio, vescovo di Tours dal 573 al 594. In particolare, il contributo si propone di esaminare in che misura Gregorio, sia nei Libri Historiarum che nei Libri octo miraculorum, sottolinei il ruolo fondamentale dei santi e delle loro reliquie nella cura delle numerose malattie che affliggevano i fedeli e la vigilanza del clero nell'evitare che il popolo desse credito a impostori che promettevano rimedi medici miracolosi. Partendo dal presupposto che solo i santi, e Martino di Tours in particolare, potevano curare le malattie del corpo e soprattutto dell'anima, il vescovo gallico evidenzia nei suoi scritti la fallacia di quegli pseduo-profeti e astrologi che ingannavano la rusticitas della popolazione gallica, cioè i più ignoranti e ingenui, con le loro abominevoli arti negromantiche. Gli unici poteri spirituali legittimi erano quelli invocati dai viri Dei per curare i malati, e tra questi vedremo più da vicino i paralitici, le cui storie ci permettono di capire fino a che punto il ricorso alla potentia thaumaturgica dei santi potesse essere un mezzo efficace (una sorta di "scienza" medica) non solo per sconfiggere la malattia, ma anche per dare ai fedeli un esempio di come combattere i ciarlatani che promettevano falsi miracoli.
(False) Miracles, Doctors and the potentia of Saints in the Gaul of Gregory of Tours
Emanuele Piazza
2025-01-01
Abstract
The constant efforts of the Church in the early Middle Ages to curb the persistence of pagan practices are well illustrated by the pastoral action of Gregory, bishop of Tours from 573 to 594. In particular, this paper aims to examine the extent to which Gregory, both in the Libri Historiarum and in the Libri octo miraculorum, emphasized the fundamental role of the saints and their relics in curing the numerous diseases that afflicted the faithful, and the vigilance on the part of the clergy in preventing the people from giving credence to impostors who promised miraculous medical remedies. Starting from the assumption that only the saints, and Martin of Tours in particular, could cure the sickness of the body and above all of the soul, the Gallic bishop points out in his writings the fallacy of those pseudo-prophets and astrologers who deceived the rusticitas of the Gallic population (that is to say, the most ignorant and naïve) with their abominable necromantic arts. The only legitimate spiritual powers were those invoked by the viri Dei to cure the sick, and among these we shall look more closely at the paralytics, whose stories allow us to understand the extent to which recourse to the thaumaturgical potentia of the saints could be an effective means (a sort of medical science) not only of defeating illness, but also of giving the faithful an example of how to combat the charlatans who promised false miracles.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.