Evaluation of the impact in Italy of the 19th July 2002 Framework Decision against trafficking in human beings

The chapter analyses the transposition and implementation as well as the impact of the Framework Decision on trafficking in human beings in Italy. After considering the pre-existing legal situation, it evaluates the law no 228 of 11 August 2003, which is the instrument that has implemented the Framework Decision of 19 July 2002 in the Italian legal order. This law has significantly altered the criminal law in force from both the substantive and procedural points of view, as well as reorganising the competences of the responsible offices. In particular, it has introduced the new figures of “state of continuative subjection” and “induction or compulsion to migration” with the specific aim of reduction in slavery. It has increased the general level of sanctions related to trafficking and conducts related to it and has provided for confiscation, also for equivalent, and additional sanctions. It has created an aggravating circumstance for criminal associations.