The essay analyses the political events of 1860, culminating in the insertion of the South and Sicily in the new Kingdom of Italy. Through the reading of the correspondence of the protagonists and recent scientific contributions, also appeared in the celebration of the 150 years of the Unit, the author reflects on the conflicts between the cavourians and the democrats about the institutional set-up. After the Expedition of the Thousand in Sicily, the piemontese government is in big trouble for the opposition of the european powers and the democrat's initiative. Cavour, who follows a pragmatic and not defined policy, has not a clear plan on how to insert the South in the unitary state (Assemblies or plebiscites). Only after the landing of Garibaldi in Calabria, the pressures of powers and the internal conditions, now all in favor about the liberation of Naples, push the Prime Minister to choose the plebiscite. Contemporary the democrats, with the help of men from different backgrounds and especially Cattaneo, called to Naples by Garibaldi, propose the convening of Assemblies to prefigure a federal Italy. The moderates and the democrats are facing a desperate situation, to which historiography has drawn a veil on the errors of the winners and on the loser's projects. To understand the political-institutional conflict, which takes place during the summer and autumn of 1860, the author dwells on some historiographical nodes: the relationship between Cavour and the moderate exiles living in Piedmont, the Cavour's politics of annexation and the program of democrats which, though late, culminates in the convening of the Legislative Assemblies to legitimize the new unitary state.
Il saggio analizza le vicende politiche del 1860 che culminano nell’inserimento del Mezzogiorno e della Sicilia nel nuovo Regno d’Italia. Attraverso la lettura dei carteggi dei protagonisti e dei recenti contributi scientifici, apparsi anche in occasione delle celebrazioni del centocinquantenario dell’Unità, l’autore riflette sui conflitti tra i cavouriani e i democratici sull’assetto istituzionale. Dopo la spedizione dei Mille in Sicilia, il governo piemontese si trova in grande difficoltà per l’opposizione delle potenze europee e per l’iniziativa dei democratici. Cavour, che segue una linea prammatica e non definita, non ha un progetto preciso sulle modalità di inserimento del Mezzogiorno nello Stato unitario (Assemblee o plebisciti). Solo dopo lo sbarco di Garibaldi in Calabria le pressioni delle potenze e le condizioni interne, ormai tutte favorevoli alla liberazione di Napoli, spingono il presidente del Consiglio a scegliere il plebiscito. Nello steso tempo i democratici, con il contributo di uomini provenienti da esperienze diverse e soprattutto di Cattaneo, chiamato a Napoli da Garibaldi, propongono la convocazione di Assemblee in modo da prefigurare un assetto federale dell’Italia. I moderati e i democratici si trovano di fronte ad una situazione disperata, sulla quale la storiografia ha steso un velo sugli errori dei vincitori e sui progetti dei vinti. Per capire il conflitto politico-istituzionale, che si svolge durante l’estate e l’autunno del 1860, l’autore si sofferma su alcuni nodi storiografici: i rapporti tra Cavour e gli esuli moderati residenti in Piemonte, la politica cavouriana dell’annessione e il programma dei democratici che, sebbene in ritardo, si concretizza nella convocazione delle Assemblee legislative per legittimare il nuovo Stato unitario.
Unità senza federalismo. Cavouriani e democratici nel 1860
ASTUTO, Giuseppe
2013-01-01
Abstract
The essay analyses the political events of 1860, culminating in the insertion of the South and Sicily in the new Kingdom of Italy. Through the reading of the correspondence of the protagonists and recent scientific contributions, also appeared in the celebration of the 150 years of the Unit, the author reflects on the conflicts between the cavourians and the democrats about the institutional set-up. After the Expedition of the Thousand in Sicily, the piemontese government is in big trouble for the opposition of the european powers and the democrat's initiative. Cavour, who follows a pragmatic and not defined policy, has not a clear plan on how to insert the South in the unitary state (Assemblies or plebiscites). Only after the landing of Garibaldi in Calabria, the pressures of powers and the internal conditions, now all in favor about the liberation of Naples, push the Prime Minister to choose the plebiscite. Contemporary the democrats, with the help of men from different backgrounds and especially Cattaneo, called to Naples by Garibaldi, propose the convening of Assemblies to prefigure a federal Italy. The moderates and the democrats are facing a desperate situation, to which historiography has drawn a veil on the errors of the winners and on the loser's projects. To understand the political-institutional conflict, which takes place during the summer and autumn of 1860, the author dwells on some historiographical nodes: the relationship between Cavour and the moderate exiles living in Piedmont, the Cavour's politics of annexation and the program of democrats which, though late, culminates in the convening of the Legislative Assemblies to legitimize the new unitary state.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
