Modello per la pianificazione partecipata di un sito UNESCO

The UNESCO site management plan “The late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto" UNESCO is the specialized agency of the United Nations - United Nations - for the Education, Science and Culture, that was established in 1946. It has introduced the concept of the universal, cultural and natural heritage. The UNESCO's Convention adopted in Paris in 1972, obliging the member countries to identify and to protect their heritage and considering the cultural and natural heritage as a point of reference to constitute one identity for a people and one heredity that must be transmitted to the generations future. The Convention is an agreement ratified almost universally, to ensure the intellectual and financial resources (within the limits available) necessary for the preservation of the goods that have been highlighted by the countries and that have been recognized the universal value. Under the Convention, countries must identify sites within its territory, that want to inscribe on the List of World Heritage, which are an asset that "to must be protected by the entire international community". In fact, without the support of other countries, some of the biggest cultural or natural sites in the world may be damaged, or worse yet, may disappear, for the lack of funds that are necessary for their preservation. The WHL's goods, therefore, belong to the peoples of the world, irrespective of the territory on which they are located. The difference between a World Heritage Site and a National Heritage Site, consist in the concept of "outstanding universal value". The WHL's sites are selected for their special characteristics that make them the best possible example of the cultural and natural heritage around the world. In this regard, the World Heritage List reflects the richness and diversity of the cultural and natural heritage of all the world. UNESCO established the procedures, the rules, the criteria which the goods must satisfy to be put on the list. To ensure the protection and preservation of the good having universal value to future generations, UNESCO has introduced since 2000, first with the operational guidelines of the WHL 2002 and then, with operational guidelines of the of the WHL 2005, the obligation to equip the all the sites of the WHL and all the sites who have made application for registration to it, of an operative instrument that has been called the Management Plan. The management plan aims to coordinate the protection and conservation of the heritage with to increase in value of it. The required management plan is the tool by which the actors of territorial government are able to define and to implement an increase in value of the heritage and through it, an economic and social development process. In addition, the community that has inherited this legacy and must commit to passing it on to future generations. The Management Plan is a trans-disciplinary tool, it is obtained as the result of a negotiation between some different establishments and some different actors. The most strategic elements of the management plan structure are: • the relation systems between the context and the plan, for which it is necessary to implement a stage of the knowledge; • the evaluation system to support the choice for the actions on the World Heritage; • the relation systems between the context and the management plan's actors; • some tools to identify and evaluate the induced outcomes in order to improve the actions on the heritage and to increase their effectiveness. To date, have been drawn up, many management plans UNESCO sites. From an analysis of the implemented management plans, have been detected several weaknesses, as: • inability to operate the actions of protection and conservation; • inability to combine effectively the actions of the protection, conservation and enhancement; • inability to implement the management for the actions in accordance with the provision of the Plan; • lack of the coordination among stakeholders; • rarity of implementation of participatory processes and negotiations; • lack of monitoring phase and ex-post evaluation of the actions; • stiffness of the Plan's structure. Through an analysis of weaknesses were identified some elements to support the Management Plan, in order to improve the performance of the process and a simplification of the management processes: • a systemic-relational approach to the cultural property to support to the plan; • a new model for the heritage,territory, city, by using a functionally-structural, relational and thermodynamic-natural approach; • a new governance model by using a functionally- structural, relational and thermodynamic-natural approach; • a new methodological and operational structure to support the participatory planning and negotiation processes. For the implementation of participatory and negotiated planning processes were introduced two tools: 1. The Decision Conference; 2. The DRSA-IMO algorithm. The Conference Decision tool is instrumental to implement a shared and negotiated process between the stakeholders. The DRSA- IMO algorithm is instrumental for the development of obtained information during the Decision Conference. By the DRSA-IMO is possible to identify the most strategic elements to define, the evaluation structure and the preferences structure of the stakeholder. The DRSA-IMO is a trasperente, retraceable and flexible methodology. It generates a process not developed by using a "black box", but by a using "glass box". Stakeholders are asked to express all their preferences, with the help of the facilitator, and then the analyst, by using the DRSA-IMO algorithm, determines, in a neutral and impartial way, the preferences structure of the process stakeholders. The analyst, proposes several times the results to decision-makers, in order to find the preferences structure that best represents that of the stakeholders. So, through an iterative process, is possible identify the elements that characterize the choice of decision makers. The preferences structure of thus identified, can be used to evaluate the shares on the heritage. The evaluation structure so defined, it aid to choose the best intervention on the heritage, namely, the action that best can be supported by all stakeholders. This structure is easily modifiable, in fact, for editing, is necessary to program a new Decision Conference and then by using the DRSA-IMO algorithm is possible to build a new structure . Furthermore, the structure can be used for the analyzes ex-post and then, it is instrumental for the implementation of the monitoring phase. The modeling to support the Management Plan of UNESCO sites has been applied to study the Management Plan for the UNESCO site : “The late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto”. In particular the Management Plan for the "The Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto" site had already been prepared, then, in this study were used some information contained in it. In particular with the assistance of the City of Noto has been implemented the proposed modeling, thus, ex-post to the drafted Management Plan. In fact, through a series of meetings, have been collected some new datas to the stakeholders who had participated to draft plan for Noto. The data thus obtained and the contained data in the plan , were processed by the DRSA-IMO algorithm. The obtained results were submitted for the verification to the stakeholders. Then by the iterative process is possible to obtain the exemplifying sample for Noto. this exemplifying sample, was used to support the evaluation of the interventions, for the protection, the conservation and the enhancement of the Val di Noto's heritage. So implementing the decision rules is possible to identify the interventions on historic buildings that should be activated and what not, and can thus define a priority order between the planned interventions. In fact, this summary purposes only this evaluation mechanism even if the study addresses many other aspects. This summary proposed the use of a new methodology more operational and more effective for the preparation of Management Plans for UNESCO sites, that is evaluated by the European Group of the Operation Research in during: COST ICO602, International doctoral school, algorithm decision theory: MCDA, Data Maning and rough sets, Troina, 11-16 april, 2008.