Neonatal screening for drepanocytic disease: What is being done in the world, what is being done in Europe, why in Italy? [Screening neonatale per la malattia drepanocitica: Cosa si fa nel mondo, cosa si fa in Europa, perché in Italia?]

Drepanocytosis is a recessive autosomal disease of hemoglobin characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, vascular occlusive pain, and increased susceptibility to infections. Over the last years, it has been seen throughout Europe, including Italy, an increase of patients with Drepanocytosis, mainly due to the migratory flows from high-prevalent S gene areas. Within the taking care pathway of a child with Drepanocytosis the newborn screening is recommended by all international guidelines. An early diagnosis allows for the necessary preventive measures needed to improve children’s survival.