Target therapies for uterine carcinosarcomas: Current evidence and future perspectives

Carcinosarcomas (CS) in gynecology are very infrequent and represent only 2â 5% of uterine cancers. Despite surgical cytoreduction and subsequent chemotherapy being the primary treatment for uterine CS, the overall five-year survival rate is 30 ± 9% and recurrence is extremely common (50â 80%). Due to the poor prognosis of CS, new strategies have been developed in the last few decades, targeting known dysfunctional molecular pathways for immunotherapy. In this paper, we aimed to gather the available evidence on the latest therapies for the treatment of CS. We performed a systematic review using the terms â uterine carcinosarcomaâ , â uterine Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumorsâ , â target therapiesâ , â angiogenesis therapyâ , â cancer stem cell therapyâ , â prognostic biomarkerâ , and â novel antibody-drugâ . Based on our results, the differential expression and accessibility of epithelial cell adhesion molecule-1 on metastatic/chemotherapy-resistant CS cells in comparison to normal tissues and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) open up new possibilities in the field of target therapy. Nevertheless, future investigations are needed to clarify the impact of these new therapies on survival rate and medium-/long-term outcomes.