This article intends to focus on three important theoretical elements from the Catholic ethical and juridical literature: restitutio, satisfactio-satispassio, potestas in se ipsum. These allow us to understand how a theme as complex as that of justice and forgiveness of the victim was treated between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. The examinations of these concepts shows that, for the protection of the soul and the body, the ancient private forms of conflict resolution changed their context and goals. At least on the theoretical level, they no longer used only the archaic language of rites of collective reintegration. They no longer expressed the interests of the “particular social groups”as they had done in the past and, eventually, they no longer aimed to stigmatize the illicit behaviours or to create new “antidoral”obligations. In tune with the emotions and anxieties that shook the Western society in the decades following the Reformation, reconciliation and forgiveness became mainly an individual commitment to God, and as a personal process wereno longer so independentfromthe administration of public justice.
Nel presente contributo, prestando ascolto ad alcune voci della letteratura etico-giuridica cattolica, ci si sofferma su tre importanti elementi teorici (restitutio, satisfactio-satispassio, potestas in se ipsum) che permettono di cogliere una certa sensibilità con cui tra Cinque e Seicento si guardò a un tema complesso come quello della giustizia e del perdono dell’offeso. L’esame di questi concetti mostracome, tra tutela dell’anima e tutela del corpo, le antiche forme private di regolazione e di pacificazione dei conflitti mutarono terreno e obiettivi. Almeno sul piano teorico, esse infatti non parlarono più solo il linguaggio arcaico dei riti di reintegrazione collettiva, non espressero più come in passato la pienezza degli interessi delle tante “società intermedie”, né furono prioritariamente rivolte a stigmatizzare l’illecito o a creare nei rapporti fra uomo e uomo nuovi vincoli “antidorali”. In sintonia con le emozioni e le angosce che agitano l’Occidente nei decenni che seguono la Riforma, riconciliazione e perdono impegnarono direttamente l’individuo nei confronti di Dio e, convertendosi lentamente in un affare intimo e personale, si piegarono agli ossequi della giustizia pubblica.
Rimediare al male con il bene. La giustizia e il perdono della vittima nell’età della Controriforma: tra restitutio, satisfactio-satispassio, e potestas in se ipsum
TESTUZZA, MARIA SOLE
2017-01-01
Abstract
This article intends to focus on three important theoretical elements from the Catholic ethical and juridical literature: restitutio, satisfactio-satispassio, potestas in se ipsum. These allow us to understand how a theme as complex as that of justice and forgiveness of the victim was treated between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. The examinations of these concepts shows that, for the protection of the soul and the body, the ancient private forms of conflict resolution changed their context and goals. At least on the theoretical level, they no longer used only the archaic language of rites of collective reintegration. They no longer expressed the interests of the “particular social groups”as they had done in the past and, eventually, they no longer aimed to stigmatize the illicit behaviours or to create new “antidoral”obligations. In tune with the emotions and anxieties that shook the Western society in the decades following the Reformation, reconciliation and forgiveness became mainly an individual commitment to God, and as a personal process wereno longer so independentfromthe administration of public justice.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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