Aharonov-Bohm effect in mesoscopic Bose-Einstein condensates

Ultracold atoms in light-shaped potentials open up new ways to explore mesoscopic physics: Arbitrary trapping potentials can be engineered with only a change of the laser field. Here, we propose using ultracold atoms in light-shaped potentials to feasibly realize a cold-atom device to study one of the fundamental problems of mesoscopic physics, the Aharonov-Bohm effect: the interaction of particles with a magnetic field when traveling in a closed loop. Surprisingly, we find that the Aharonov-Bohm effect is washed out for interacting bosons, while it is present for fermions. We show that our atomic device has possible applications as a quantum simulator, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and for tests of quantum foundation.