The Schwann Cell: a source of neurotrophic activity on cortical glutamatergic neurons in culture

Glial cells secrete numerous soluble molecules that enhance the development and the survival of different neuronal types cultured in vitro. Schwann cells (SC) play an important role as they are the source of different trophic substances and present a great neurotrophic activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of postnatal SC on embryonic glutamatergic neurons. Co-cultures of SC from sciatic nerve of postnatal rats and neurons from rat embryonic cerebral cortex were successfully established, and cells were immunocytochemically characterized using mono and polyclonal antibodies as different glial and neuronal markers. Furthermore, some neuronal cultures were added with Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) to compare to co-cultures. Our results show that SC promote an increase in the number of glutamatergic cortical neurons; moreover, these neurons present an evidence of dense axonal and dendritic outgrowth even when were fed with conditioned medium obtained from SC cultures. In conclusion, our data suggest that substances produced by SC exert a positive effect on central neuron survival and differentiation as indicated by processes of elongation and that this activity is mediated by soluble factors. Therefore, it is possible to consider the SC as a source of growth factors and might be suitable for the development of a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative disorders.