A Citrus bergamia Extract Decreases Adipogenesis and Increases Lipolysis by Modulating PPAR Levels in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Adipose Tissue

The aim of this research was to assess the impact of a well-characterized extract from Citrus bergamia juice on adipogenesis and/orlipolysis using mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue as a cell model. To evaluate the effects on adipogenesis, somecell cultures were treated with adipogenic medium plus 10 or 100 g/mL of extract. To determine the properties on lipolysis,additional mesenchymal stemcellswere cultured with adipogenic mediumfor 14 days and after this timeaddedwith Citrus bergamiafor further 14 days. To verify adipogenic differentiation, oil red O staining at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days was performed. Moreover,the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-), adipocytes fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP),adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), monoglyceride lipase (MGL), 5-adenosine monophosphateactivatedprotein kinase (AMPK)1/2, and pAMPK1/2 was evaluated by Western blot analysis and the release of glycerol bycolorimetric assay. Citrus bergamia extract suppressed the accumulation of intracellular lipids in mesenchymal stem cells duringadipogenic differentiation and promoted lipolysis by repressing the expression of adipogenic genes and activating lipolytic genes.Citrus bergamia extract could be a useful natural product for improving adipose mobilization in obesity-related disorders