Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Modulation during Metabolic Diseases and Cancers: Master and Minions

The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular diseases) has increased in the last decade, in both industrialized and developing countries. This also coincided with our observation of a similar increase in the prevalence of cancers. The aetiology of these diseases is very complex and involves genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Much evidence indicates the central role undertaken by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)inthedevelopmentofthesedisorders.Duetothefactthattheirligandscouldbecomecrucialinfuturetarget-therapies, PPARshavethereforebecomethefocalpointofmuchresearch.Basedonthisevidence,thisnarrativereviewwaswrittenwiththe purposeofoutliningtheeffectsofPPARs,theiractions,andtheirprospectiveusesinmetabolicdiseasesandcancers.