Catalytic chemical vapor deposition of single-wall carbon nanotubes at low temperatures

We report surface-bound growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) at temperatures as low as 350 °C by catalytic chemical vapor deposition from undiluted C2H2. NH3 or H2 exposure critically facilitates the nanostructuring and activation of sub-nanometer Fe and Al/Fe/Al multilayer catalyst films prior to growth, enabling the SWNT nucleation at lower temperatures. We suggest that carbon nanotube growth is governed by the catalyst surface without the necessity of catalyst liquefaction. © 2006 American Chemical Society.