Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet: An alternative to a pharmacological approach to improve glycometabolic and gonadal profile in men with obesity

Obesity and metabolic diseases have become a worrying reality, especially in more developed societies. They are associated with the development of many comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, hypertension, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, neoplasia, obstructive sleep apnea, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, weight loss is of paramount importance. A promising therapeutic option to achieve this goal is the very-low-calorie ketogenic diet. This review aims to summarize the main effects of very-low-calorie–ketogenic diet on the glycometabolic and gonadal profiles of men with overweight/obesity.