Introduction: Prothrombin deficiency is a very rare disorder caused by mutations in the F2 gene that generate hypoprothrombinemia or dysprothrombinemia and is characterized by bleeding manifestations that can vary from clinically irrelevant to life-threatening. Aim: Here we characterize a patient with a novel missense mutation in F2, c.1090 T/A (p. Val322Glu), that causes severe dysprothrombinemia. Methods: Coagulation assays, prothrombin Western Blotting, FII activation by Ecarin, fibrinogen degradation products quantification and thrombin generation assay were carried out to assess prothrombin expression and function. PCR followed by direct sequencing was carried out to characterize the mutation. In silico analysis for missense variant and molecular modeling were applied to predict the mechanism that leads to dysprothrombinemia. Results and conclusions: The homozygous patient had a markedly prolonged prothrombin time, strongly reduced FII activity (0.82%) but normal antigen levels. In the thrombin generation assay the lag time and the peak height were unmeasurable, suggesting that the Val322Glu mutation results in the inability of the mutant prothrombin to be fully activated to thrombin. In fact, prothrombin activation by ecarin was defective, with a massive accumulation of the meizothrombin intermediate. Molecular modeling and dynamic simulation studies showed that the Val322Glu mutation interferes with protein flexibility at Arg271 and Arg320. This impairs the switch of the protein from zymogen to proteinase, thus preventing the formation of thrombin. Accumulated meizothrombin, however, maintains some fibrinogen-degrading activity, as shown by the formation of FDPs, and this probably explains the patient's mild bleeding phenotype.

A novel congenital dysprothrombinemia leading to defective prothrombin maturation

Sessa F.;
2014-01-01

Abstract

Introduction: Prothrombin deficiency is a very rare disorder caused by mutations in the F2 gene that generate hypoprothrombinemia or dysprothrombinemia and is characterized by bleeding manifestations that can vary from clinically irrelevant to life-threatening. Aim: Here we characterize a patient with a novel missense mutation in F2, c.1090 T/A (p. Val322Glu), that causes severe dysprothrombinemia. Methods: Coagulation assays, prothrombin Western Blotting, FII activation by Ecarin, fibrinogen degradation products quantification and thrombin generation assay were carried out to assess prothrombin expression and function. PCR followed by direct sequencing was carried out to characterize the mutation. In silico analysis for missense variant and molecular modeling were applied to predict the mechanism that leads to dysprothrombinemia. Results and conclusions: The homozygous patient had a markedly prolonged prothrombin time, strongly reduced FII activity (0.82%) but normal antigen levels. In the thrombin generation assay the lag time and the peak height were unmeasurable, suggesting that the Val322Glu mutation results in the inability of the mutant prothrombin to be fully activated to thrombin. In fact, prothrombin activation by ecarin was defective, with a massive accumulation of the meizothrombin intermediate. Molecular modeling and dynamic simulation studies showed that the Val322Glu mutation interferes with protein flexibility at Arg271 and Arg320. This impairs the switch of the protein from zymogen to proteinase, thus preventing the formation of thrombin. Accumulated meizothrombin, however, maintains some fibrinogen-degrading activity, as shown by the formation of FDPs, and this probably explains the patient's mild bleeding phenotype.
2014
Dysprothrombinemia
Factor II
Meizothrombin
Molecular modeling
Prothrombin activation
Blood Coagulation
Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited
Enzyme Precursors
Female
Homozygote
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Pedigree
Prothrombin
Thrombin
Thromboplastin
Mutation, Missense
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11769/528959
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