Clinical, Functional, and Mental Health Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients 3 Months after a Diagnosis of COVID-19

Duivenvoorden, R.; Vart, P.; Noordzij, M.; Soares Dos Santos, A. C.; Zulkarnaev, A. B.; Franssen, C. F. M.; Kuypers, D.; Demir, E.; Rahimzadeh, H.; Kerschbaum, J.; Jager, K. J.; Turkmen, K.; Hemmelder, M. H.; Schouten, M.; Rodriguez-Ferrero, M. L.; Crespo, M.; Gansevoort, R. T.; Hilbrands, L. B.; Van Der Net, J. B.; Essig, M.; Du Buf-Vereijken, P. W. G.; Van Ginneken, B.; Maas, N.; Vogt, L.; Van Jaarsveld, B. C.; Bemelman, F. J.; Klingenberg-Salahova, F.; Heenan-Vos, F.; Vervloet, M. G.; Nurmohamed, A.; Abramowicz, D.; Verhofstede, S.; Maoujoud, O.; Malfait, T.; Fialova, J.; Melilli, E.; Fava, A.; Cruzado, J. M.; Montero Perez, N.; Lips, J.; Krepel, H.; Adilovic, H.; Hengst, M.; Konings, C.; Rydzewski, A.; Braconnier, P.; Weis, D.; Gellert, R.; Oliveira, J.; Alferes, D. G.; Radulescu, D.; Zakharova, E. V.; Ambuehl, P. M.; Guidotti, R.; Walker, A.; Lepeytre, F.; Rabate, C.; Rostoker, G.; Marques, S.; Azasevac, T.; Strazmester Majstorovic, G.; Katicic, D.; Ten Dam, M.; Kruger, T.; Brzosko, S.; Liakopoulos, V.; Zanen, A. L.; Logtenberg, S. J. J.; Fricke, L.; Kuryata, O.; Slebe, J. J. P.; Abd Elhafeez, S.; Kemlin, D.; Van De Wetering, J.; Reinders, M. E. J.; Hesselink, D. A.; Kal-Van Gestel, J.; Eiselt, J.; Kielberger, L.; El-Wakil, H. S.; Verhoeven, M.; Logan, I.; Canal, C.; Facundo, C.; Ramos, A. M.; Debska-Slizien, A.; Veldhuizen, N. M. H.; Tigka, E.; Polyzou Konsta, M. A.; Panagoutsos, S.; Mallamaci, F.; Postorino, A.; Cambareri, F.; Matceac, I.; Nistor, I.; Covic, A.; Groeneveld, J. H. M.; Jousma, J.; Van Buren, M.; Diekmann, F.; Oppenheimer, F.; Blasco, M.; Assis Pereira, T.; Arias-Cabrales, C.; Llinas-Mallol, L.; Buxeda, A.; Tarrega, C. B.; Redondo-Pachon, D.; Jimenez, M. D. A.; Mendoza-Valderrey, A.; Martins, A. C.; Mateus, C.; Alvila, G.; Laranjinha, I.; Hofstra, J. M.; Siezenga, M. A.; Franco, A.; Arroyo, D.; Castellano, S.; Balda Manzanos, S.; Sosa Barrios, R. H.; Lemahieu, W.; Bartelet, K.; Burak Dirim, A.; Sukru Sever, M.; Turkmen, A.; Safak, S.; Hollander, D. A. M. J.; Buttner, S.; De Vries, A. P. J.; Meziyerh, S.; Van Der Helm, D.; Mallat, M.; Bouwsma, H.; Sridharan, S.; Petruliene, K.; Maloney, S. -R.; Verberk, I.; Van Der Sande, F. M.; Christiaans, M. H. L.; Mohan Kumar, N.; Di Luca, M.; Tuglular, S. Z.; Kramer, A.; Beerenhout, C.; Luik, P. T.; Tiefenthaler, M.; Watschinger, B.; Adema, A. Y.; Stepanov, V. A.; Gandolfini, I.; Maggiore, U.; Fliedner, A.; Asberg, A.; Mjoen, G.; Miyasato, H.; De Fijter, C. W. H.; Mongera, N.; Pini, S.; De Biase, C.; Kerckhoffs, A.; Van De Logt, A. E.; Maas, R.; Lebedeva, O.; Lopez, V.; Reichert, L. J. M.; Verhave, J.; Titov, D.; Parshina, E. V.; Zanoli, L.; Marcantoni, C.; Van Kempen, G.; Van Gils-Verrij, L. E. A.; Harty, J. C.; Meurs, M.; Myslak, M.; Battaglia, Y.; Lentini, P.; Den Deurwaarder, E.; Stendahl, M.; Rychlik, I.; Cabezas-Reina, C. J.; Maria Roca, A.; Nauta, F.; Sahin, I.; Goffin, E.; Kanaan, N.; Labriola, L.; Devresse, A.; Diaz-Mareque, A.; Coca, A.; De Arriba, G.; Meijers, B. K. I.; Naesens, M.; Desschans, B.; Tonnerlier, A.; Wissing, K. M.; Dedinska, I.; Pessolano, G.; Malik, S.; Dounousi, E.; Papachristou, E.; Berger, S. P.; Meijer, E.; Sanders, J. S. F.; Ozyilmaz, A.; Buturovic Ponikvar, J.; Marn Pernat, A.; Kovac, D.; Arnol, M.; Ekart, R.; Abrahams, A. C.; Molenaar, F. M.; Van Zuilen, A. D.; Meijvis, S. C. A.; Dolmans, H.; Tantisattamo, E.; Esposito, P.; Krzesinski, J. -M.; Barahira, J. D.; Gallieni, M.; Martin-Moreno, P. L.; Guglielmetti, G.; Guzzo, G.; Toapanta, N.; Jose Soler, M.; Luik, A. J.; Van Kuijk, W. H. M.; Stikkelbroeck, L. W. H.; Hermans, M. M. H.; Rimsevicius, L.; Righetti, M.; Islam, M.; Heitink-Ter Braak, N.

doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000004075

Background. Kidney transplant patients are at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related mortality. However, limited data are available on longer-term clinical, functional, and mental health outcomes in patients who survive COVID-19. Methods. We analyzed data from adult kidney transplant patients in the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database who presented with COVID-19 between February 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021. Results. We included 912 patients with a mean age of 56.7 (±13.7) y. 26.4% were not hospitalized, 57.5% were hospitalized without need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 16.1% were hospitalized and admitted to the ICU. At 3 mo follow-up survival was 82.3% overall, and 98.8%, 84.2%, and 49.0%, respectively, in each group. At 3 mo follow-up biopsy-proven acute rejection, need for renal replacement therapy, and graft failure occurred in the overall group in 0.8%, 2.6%, and 1.8% respectively, and in 2.1%, 10.6%, and 10.6% of ICU-admitted patients, respectively. Of the surviving patients, 83.3% and 94.4% reached their pre-COVID-19 physician-reported functional and mental health status, respectively, within 3 mo. Of patients who had not yet reached their prior functional and mental health status, their treating physicians expected that 79.6% and 80.0%, respectively, still would do so within the coming year. ICU admission was independently associated with a low likelihood to reach prior functional and mental health status. Conclusions. In kidney transplant recipients alive at 3-mo follow-up, clinical, physician-reported functional, and mental health recovery was good for both nonhospitalized and hospitalized patients. Recovery was, however, less favorable for patients who had been admitted to the ICU.