Towards ontological interoperability of cognitive IoT agents based on natural language processing

The interoperability of devices from distinct brands on the Internet of Things (IoT) domain is still an open issue. The main reason is that pioneer companies always deliberately neglected to deploy devices able to interoperate with competitors products. The key factors that may invert such a trend derive, on one hand, from the abstraction of communication protocols that facilitates the migration from vertical to horizontal paradigms and, on the other hand, from the introduction of common and shared ontologies encoding devices specifications. The Semantic Web, with all its layers, can be considered the main framework for delivering ontologies, and by virtue of its features, it is surely the ideal means for providing shared knowledge. In this paper we present a framework that instantiates cognitive agents operating in IoT context, endowed with meta-reasoning in the Semantic Web. The framework, called SW-Caspar, is also provided with a module that performs semi-automatic ontology learning from sentences expressed in natural language; such a learning process generates a conceptual space reflecting the domain of discourse with an instance of a novel foundational ontology called Linguistic Oriented Davidsonian Ontology (LODO), whose main feature is to increase the deepness of reasoning without compromising linguistic-related features. LODO is inspired by the First-Order Logic Davidsonian notation and is serialized in OWL 2. Well-known examples derived from the theory of logical reasoning and a case-study applied to automation on health scenarios are also provided.