The European Solar Telescope

Quintero Noda, C.; Schlichenmaier, R.; Bellot Rubio, L. R.; L??fdahl, M. G.; Khomenko, E.; Jur????k, J.; Leenaarts, J.; Kuckein, C.; Gonz??lez Manrique, S. J.; Gun??r, S.; Nelson, C. J.; de la Cruz Rodr??guez, J.; Tziotziou, K.; Tsiropoula, G.; Aulanier, G.; Aboudarham, J.; Allegri, D.; Alsina Ballester, E.; Amans, J. P.; Asensio Ramos, A.; Bail??n, F. J.; Balaguer, M.; Baldini, V.; Balthasar, H.; Barata, T.; Barczynski, K.; Barreto Cabrera, M.; Baur, A.; B??chet, C.; Beck, C.; Bel??o-As??n, M.; Bello-Gonz??lez, N.; Belluzzi, L.; Bentley, R. D.; Berdyugina, S. V.; Berghmans, D.; Berlicki, A.; Berrilli, F.; Berkefeld, T.; Bettonvil, F.; Bianda, M.; Bienes P??rez, J.; Bonaque-Gonz??lez, S.; Braj??a, R.; Bommier, V.; Bourdin, P. -A.; Burgos Mart??n, J.; Calchetti, D.; Calcines, A.; Calvo Tovar, J.; Campbell, R. J.; Carballo-Mart??n, Y.; Carbone, V.; Carlin, E. S.; Carlsson, M.; Castro L??pez, J.; Cavaller, L.; Cavallini, F.; Cauzzi, G.; Cecconi, M.; Chulani, H. M.; Cirami, R.; Consolini, G.; Coretti, I.; Cosentino, R.; C??zar-Castellano, J.; Dalmasse, K.; Danilovic, S.; De Juan Ovelar, M.; Del Moro, D.; del Pino Alem??n, T.; del Toro Iniesta, J. C.; Denker, C.; Dhara, S. K.; Di Marcantonio, P.; D??az Baso, C. J.; Diercke, A.; Dineva, E.; D??az-Garc??a, J. J.; Doerr, H. -P.; Doyle, G.; Erdelyi, R.; Ermolli, I.; Escobar Rodr??guez, A.; Esteban Pozuelo, S.; Faurobert, M.; Felipe, T.; Feller, A.; Feijoo Amoedo, N.; Castell??, B. Femen??a.; Fernandes, J.; Ferro Rodr??guez, I.; Figueroa, I.; Fletcher, L.; Franco Ordovas, A.; Gafeira, R.; Gardenghi, R.; Gelly, B.; Giorgi, F.; Gisler, D.; Giovannelli, L.; Gonz??lez, F.; Gonz??lez, J. B.; Gonz??lez-Cava, J. M.; Gonz??lez Garc??a, M.; G??m??ry, P.; Gracia, F.; Grauf, B.; Greco, V.; Grivel, C.; Guerreiro, N.; Guglielmino, S. L.; Hammerschlag, R.; Hanslmeier, A.; Hansteen, V.; Heinzel, P.; Hern??ndez-Delgado, A.; Hern??ndez Su??rez, E.; Hidalgo, S. L.; Hill, F.; Hizberger, J.; Hofmeister, S.; J??gers, A.; Janett, G.; Jarolim, R.; Jess, D.; Jim??nez Mej??as, D.; Jolissaint, L.; Kamlah, R.; Kapit??n, J.; Ka??parov??, J.; Keller, C. U.; Kentischer, T.; Kiselman, D.; Kleint, L.; Klvana, M.; Kontogiannis, I.; Krishnappa, N.; Ku??era, A.; Labrosse, N.; Lagg, A.; Landi Degl???Innocenti, E.; Langlois, M.; Lafon, M.; Laforgue, D.; Le Men, C.; Lepori, B.; Lepreti, F.; Lindberg, B.; Lilje, P. B.; L??pez Ariste, A.; L??pez Fern??ndez, V. A.; L??pez Jim??nez, A. C.; L??pez L??pez, R.; Manso Sainz, R.; Marassi, A.; Marco de la Rosa, J.; Marino, J.; Marrero, J.; Mart??n, A.; G??lvez, A. Mart??n.; Hernando, Y. Mart??n.; Masciadri, E.; Mart??nez Gonz??lez, M.; Matta-G??mez, A.; Mato, A.; Mathioudakis, M.; Matthews, S.; Mein, P.; Merlos Garc??a, F.; Moity, J.; Montilla, I.; Molinaro, M.; Molodij, G.; Montoya, L. M.; Munari, M.; Murabito, M.; N????ez Cagigal, M.; Oliviero, M.; Orozco Su??rez, D.; Ortiz, A.; Padilla-Hern??ndez, C.; Ma????, E. Pa??z.; Paletou, F.; Pancorbo, J.; Pastor Ca??edo, A.; Pastor Yabar, A.; Peat, A. W.; Pedichini, F.; Peixinho, N.; Pe??ate, J.; P??rez de Taoro, A.; Peter, H.; Petrovay, K.; Piazzesi, R.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pleier, O.; Poedts, S.; P??tzi, W.; Podladchikova, T.; Prieto, G.; Quintero Nehrkorn, J.; Ramelli, R.; Ramos Sapena, Y.; Rasilla, J. L.; Reardon, K.; Rebolo, R.; Regalado Olivares, S.; Reyes Garc??a-Talavera, M.; Riethm??ller, T. L.; Rimmele, T.; Rodr??guez Delgado, H.; Rodr??guez Gonz??lez, N.; Rodr??guez-Losada, J. A.; Rodr??guez Ramos, L. F.; Romano, P.; Roth, M.; Rouppe van der Voort, L.; Rudawy, P.; Ruiz de Galarreta, C.; Ryb??k, J.; Salvade, A.; S??nchez-Capuchino, J.; S??nchez Rodr??guez, M. L.; Sangiorgi, M.; Say??de, F.; Scharmer, G.; Scheiffelen, T.; Schmidt, W.; Schmieder, B.; Scir??, C.; Scuderi, S.; Siegel, B.; Sigwarth, M.; Sim??es, P. J. A.; Snik, F.; Sliepen, G.; Sobotka, M.; Socas-Navarro, H.; Sola La Serna, P.; Solanki, S. K.; Soler Trujillo, M.; Soltau, D.; Sordini, A.; Sosa M??ndez, A.; Stangalini, M.; Steiner, O.; Stenflo, J. O.; ??t??p??n, J.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Sudar, D.; Suematsu, Y.; S??tterlin, P.; Tallon, M.; Temmer, M.; Tenegi, F.; Tritschler, A.; Trujillo Bueno, J.; Turchi, A.; Utz, D.; van Harten, G.; van Noort, M.; van Werkhoven, T.; Vansintjan, R.; Vaz Cedillo, J. J.; Vega Reyes, N.; Verma, M.; Veronig, A. M.; Viavattene, G.; Vitas, N.; V??gler, A.; von der L??he, O.; Volkmer, R.; Waldmann, T. A.; Walton, D.; Wisniewska, A.; Zeman, J.; Zeuner, F.; Zhang, L. Q.; Zuccarello, F.; Collados, M.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243867

The European Solar Telescope (EST) is a project aimed at studying the magnetic connectivity of the solar atmosphere, from the deep photosphere to the upper chromosphere. Its design combines the knowledge and expertise gathered by the European solar physics com- munity during the construction and operation of state-of-the-art solar telescopes operating in visible and near-infrared wavelengths: the Swedish 1m Solar Telescope, the German Vacuum Tower Telescope and GREGOR, the French Télescope Héliographique pour l’Étude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires, and the Dutch Open Telescope. With its 4.2 m primary mirror and an open con- figuration, EST will become the most powerful European ground-based facility to study the Sun in the coming decades in the visible and near-infrared bands. EST uses the most innovative technological advances: the first adaptive secondary mirror ever used in a solar telescope, a complex multi-conjugate adaptive optics with deformable mirrors that form part of the optical design in a natural way, a polarimetrically compensated telescope design that eliminates the complex temporal variation and wavelength dependence of the telescope Mueller matrix, and an instrument suite containing several (etalon-based) tunable imaging spectropolarimeters and several integral field unit spectropolarimeters. This publication summarises some fundamental science questions that can be addressed with the telescope, together with a complete description of its major subsystems.