Exploring the aquifers shaping Italy’s sub-urban landscape

This review paper examines the hydrogeological characteristics and challenges of urban groundwater management in ten major Italian cities: Torino, Milano, Padova, Bologna, Roma, Pescara, Napoli, Bari, Catania, and Cagliari. Urbanisation has placed significant pressure on groundwater systems, highlighting the need for sustainable management. The study categorises the cities based on their hydrogeological settings and groundwater uses, identifying key issues such as salinisation, industrial contamination, and land subsidence. The findings emphasise the importance of urban local aquifers (ULAs) not only for meeting the demand for both drinking and industrial water but also for providing ecological support. The paper advocates for integrated urban water management and governance to enhance resilience against potential future water shortages and climate change impacts.