Coastal territories raise peculiar questions to archaeological research, to which only Ancient coastal and underwater Topography can give a coherent answer. In recent decades, however, different disciplinary definitions have established themselves internationally, despite containing severe logical inconsistencies and theoretical leaks (e.g., K. Muckelroy’s Maritime Archaeology); some of which have been simply misunderstood in Italy (“Archeologia dei paesaggi costieri”, and others). In any case, these visions ignore the unity and complexity of the coastal territory with its archaeological, anthropological, cultural and historical contents: on which the specialist expertise of topographic and underwater methodology has been applied for decades, with the use in the Mediterranean of all available sources. Ancient Topography, in fact, which was established in Italy already in Humanism and in Renaissance, since its beginnings (e.g.: Flavio Biondo) investigates also the coastal territories together with the Underwater Archaeology of its origins (L. Battista Alberti and the Nemi’s ships). Such symbiosis, with the birth in the last century in France and Italy of contemporary underwater archaeology, has condensed in the current unity of the cognitive process about all coastal and nautical themes. The various attempts to surrogate this scientific structure, the only one of proven effectiveness, with groundless divisions of competences (as "dry" or "wet" archaeology), or with unjustified other methodological denominations, or by erroneously translating the English Landscape with the Italian "paesaggio" (a term nothing at all applicable to the sciences of antiquity) instead of "territorio", are harbingers of epistemological confusion and severe interpretative errors, of which some examples are presented.
I territori costieri pongono alla ricerca archeologica domande peculiari, alle quali solo la Topografia Antica litoranea e subacquea può dare una risposta coerente. Negli ultimi anni decenni, invece, in ambito internazionale si sono affermate formulazioni disciplinari diverse, nonostante contengano severe incongruenze logiche e falle teoretiche (ad es., la Maritime archaeology di K. Muckelroy); alcune delle quali sono state semplicemente fraintese in Italia (“Archeologia dei paesaggi costieri”, ed altre). In ogni caso, queste visioni ignorano l’unitarietà e la complessità del territorio litoraneo con i suoi contenuti archeologici, antropologico culturali e storici: sul quale da decenni si applica appunto la competenza specialistica della metodologia topografica e subacquea, con l’impiego nel Mediterraneo di tutte le fonti disponibili. La Topografia Antica infatti, costituitasi in Italia già nell’Umanesimo e nel Rinascimento, sin dai suoi esordi (ad. es. Flavio Biondo) indaga anche i territori litoranei congiuntamente all'Archeologia Subacquea delle origini (L. Battista Alberti e le navi di Nemi). Questa simbiosi, con la nascita in Francia e in Italia nel secolo scorso dell’archeologia subacquea contemporanea, si è condensata nell’attuale unitarietà del processo cognitivo su tutti i temi litorali e nautici. I vari tentativi di surrogazione di questo assetto scientifico, il solo di comprovata efficacia, con infondate ripartizioni di competenze (archeologia “asciutta” o “bagnata”), oppure con ingiustificate denominazioni metodologiche alternative, ovvero traducendo erroneamente l’inglese Landscape con l’italiano “paesaggio” (termine non affatto applicabile alle scienze dell’antichità) anziché con “territorio”, sono forieri di confusione epistemologica e di severi errori interpretativi, di cui si presentano alcuni esempi.
La topografia antica litoranea. Origini, essenza, semantica e metodologia
enrico felici
2024-01-01
Abstract
Coastal territories raise peculiar questions to archaeological research, to which only Ancient coastal and underwater Topography can give a coherent answer. In recent decades, however, different disciplinary definitions have established themselves internationally, despite containing severe logical inconsistencies and theoretical leaks (e.g., K. Muckelroy’s Maritime Archaeology); some of which have been simply misunderstood in Italy (“Archeologia dei paesaggi costieri”, and others). In any case, these visions ignore the unity and complexity of the coastal territory with its archaeological, anthropological, cultural and historical contents: on which the specialist expertise of topographic and underwater methodology has been applied for decades, with the use in the Mediterranean of all available sources. Ancient Topography, in fact, which was established in Italy already in Humanism and in Renaissance, since its beginnings (e.g.: Flavio Biondo) investigates also the coastal territories together with the Underwater Archaeology of its origins (L. Battista Alberti and the Nemi’s ships). Such symbiosis, with the birth in the last century in France and Italy of contemporary underwater archaeology, has condensed in the current unity of the cognitive process about all coastal and nautical themes. The various attempts to surrogate this scientific structure, the only one of proven effectiveness, with groundless divisions of competences (as "dry" or "wet" archaeology), or with unjustified other methodological denominations, or by erroneously translating the English Landscape with the Italian "paesaggio" (a term nothing at all applicable to the sciences of antiquity) instead of "territorio", are harbingers of epistemological confusion and severe interpretative errors, of which some examples are presented.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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