Trichoderma as a Source of Metabolites for Applications in Agriculture

In the context of escalating global food demand and the associated threat to food security, the use of synthetic chemicals in agriculture has raised concerns about environmental impact and human health risks. This chapter explores the application of Trichoderma species and their metabolites as a sustainable alternative for controlling plant diseases and fungal contaminants in agriculture. Trichoderma, a versatile genus of filamentous fungi, has gained prominence as an effective biocontrol agent (BCA) due to its adaptability, symbiotic relationships with crops, and diverse metabolite production. The metabolites produced by Trichoderma species play a crucial role in their antagonistic activity against a broad spectrum of fungal and oomycete plant pathogens. This antagonism involves the production of enzymes, such as chitinases and glucanases, which degrade fungal cell walls, highlighting their direct impact on pathogen control. The application of Trichoderma species as BCAs offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides, mitigating environmental pollution and reducing the risk of pathogen resistance. Moreover, Trichoderma metabolites contribute to plant growth promotion and induce plant defence mechanisms, presenting a multifaceted approach to agricultural challenges. These metabolites also exhibit anti-mycotoxigenic and detoxification potential, further enhancing their utility. The chapter emphasizes the diverse applications of Trichoderma metabolites in agriculture, ranging from antifungal bioproducts to biofertilizers and biostimulants. The ability of Trichoderma species to enhance nutrient uptake, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, addresses critical challenges in modern agriculture related to sustainable nutrient management. In summary, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the nature and diversity of metabolites produced by Trichoderma species, with a special focus on their applications in sustainable agriculture​