Pomegranate residues for livestock production

Pomegranate by-products are rich in bioactive compounds and incorporation of these by-products in the form of peel mill, peel extract, pomace, and seed oil, in the diet can improve animal health. They improve meat and milk quality in broilers and livestock and decrease rumen ammonia and methane production, which help environment protection. Fish and broilers have higher performance under stressful conditions, when fed these by-products. Pomegranate by-products augment antioxidant and immune responses in fish, thereby mitigating disease susceptibility. Also, such an antioxidant property enhances meat stability during storage. High tannin and fiber contents in pomegranate by-products can decrease feed intake and digestibility, especially in fish and broilers, hence initial processing may be useful.