According to Tacitus (ann. II 85, 1-3), in 19 A.D. a woman by the name of Vistilia, born into a praetorian family, had publicly declared her activity as meretrix before the aediles. This striking gesture cannot trivially be taken as a sign of vindication of one’s sexual freedom by women anxious to indulge, with numerous partners, in the same amusements sought by men with prostitutes and/or with free women in extra-marital flings (Pomeroy, Cantarella, Berrino), but rather must be considered a political manifestation of dissent against the regime and the economic violence it perpetrated against women. Vistilia em-bodied a segment of the upper-class female population that intended to act in self-protec-tion with the ultimate aim of safeguarding their own wealth, in the event that an accusation – well-founded or simply instrumental – of adultery rained down on the unfortunate wo-man of the moment, a crime that the lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis ascribed exclusively to the female gender and condemned with heavy penalties, such as relegatio in insulam and the confiscation of one third of their property (including the dowry).
Secondo quanto riferisce Tacito (ann. II 85, 1-3), nel 19 d.C. una donna di nome Vistilia, nata da famiglia pretoria, aveva pubblicamente dichiarato al cospetto degli edili la propria attività di meretrix. Questo gesto eclatante non può essere banalmente ritenuto il segno di rivendicazione della propria libertà sessuale da parte di donne ansiose di concedersi, con numerosi partners, gli stessi svaghi ricercati dagli uomini con le prostitute e/o con donne libere in avventure extraconiugali (Pomeroy, Cantarella, Berrino), ma piuttosto deve es-sere considerato una manifestazione politica di dissenso nei confronti del regime e della violenza economica da esso perpetrata contro le donne. Vistilia incarna una fetta della popolazione femminile altolocata che intendeva agire in autotutela con il fine ultimo della salvaguardia del proprio patrimonio, nel caso in cui fosse piovuta, sulla malcapitata di turno, un’accusa – fondata o semplicemente strumentale – di adulterio, reato che la lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis ascriveva esclusivamente al genere femminile e condannava con pesanti sanzioni, quali la relegatio in insulam e la confisca di un terzo dei beni (inclusa la dote).
Vistilia, matrona, prostituta e infine bandita: libido feminarum o voce del dissenso nella Roma tiberiana?
Gaetano Arena
2024-01-01
Abstract
According to Tacitus (ann. II 85, 1-3), in 19 A.D. a woman by the name of Vistilia, born into a praetorian family, had publicly declared her activity as meretrix before the aediles. This striking gesture cannot trivially be taken as a sign of vindication of one’s sexual freedom by women anxious to indulge, with numerous partners, in the same amusements sought by men with prostitutes and/or with free women in extra-marital flings (Pomeroy, Cantarella, Berrino), but rather must be considered a political manifestation of dissent against the regime and the economic violence it perpetrated against women. Vistilia em-bodied a segment of the upper-class female population that intended to act in self-protec-tion with the ultimate aim of safeguarding their own wealth, in the event that an accusation – well-founded or simply instrumental – of adultery rained down on the unfortunate wo-man of the moment, a crime that the lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis ascribed exclusively to the female gender and condemned with heavy penalties, such as relegatio in insulam and the confiscation of one third of their property (including the dowry).| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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