The use of the endemic flora of Crete in the pharmacopeia of the early imperial age constitutes a topic of extreme interest not only for the history of ancient medicine, but also for the political and economic impact of the trade in Cretan medicinal herbs along the Roman Mediterranean routes. The physician Galen provides fundamental as well as unique testimony, both on the dynamics of supply (collection, packaging, transport and storage) of these medicinal plants in Rome between the second half of the 2nd and the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. as well as on the imperial “monopoly” of the trade in Cretan herbs, which were taken every summer from the imperial βοτανικοὶ ἄνδρες and arrived in the capital, where they were used for the production of a powerful medicine such as theriac, prepared by the Pergamene archiater and taken daily by first Marcus Aurelius and then Septimius Severus.
L’impiego della flora endemica di Creta nella farmacopea della prima età imperiale costituisce un argomento di estremo interesse non soltanto per la storia della medicina antica, ma anche per le ricadute politiche ed economiche del commercio delle erbe officinali cretesi lungo le rotte del Mediterraneo romano. Il medico Galeno fornisce una testimonianza fondamentale nonché unica, sia sulle dinamiche di approvvigionamento (raccolta, confezionamento, trasporto e immagazzinamento) di queste piante medicinali a Roma fra la seconda metà del II e gli inizi del III secolo d.C. sia sul “monopolio” imperiale del commercio delle erbe cretesi, che ogni estate venivano prelevate dai βοτανικοὶ ἄνδρες imperiali e giungevano nella capitale, dove venivano adoperate per la realizzazione di un farmaco potente come la teriaca, preparata dall’archiatra pergameno e assunta quotidianamente da Marco Aurelio prima e Settimio Severo poi.
Galeno e le piante officinali cretesi: farmacopea ufficiale e monopolio statale
Gaetano Arena
2022-01-01
Abstract
The use of the endemic flora of Crete in the pharmacopeia of the early imperial age constitutes a topic of extreme interest not only for the history of ancient medicine, but also for the political and economic impact of the trade in Cretan medicinal herbs along the Roman Mediterranean routes. The physician Galen provides fundamental as well as unique testimony, both on the dynamics of supply (collection, packaging, transport and storage) of these medicinal plants in Rome between the second half of the 2nd and the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. as well as on the imperial “monopoly” of the trade in Cretan herbs, which were taken every summer from the imperial βοτανικοὶ ἄνδρες and arrived in the capital, where they were used for the production of a powerful medicine such as theriac, prepared by the Pergamene archiater and taken daily by first Marcus Aurelius and then Septimius Severus.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


