This essay traces the evolution of Italian criminal procedure, showing how the original guarantee-oriented framework of the 1988 Code of Criminal Procedure has been progressively reinterpreted in light of demands for efficiency and the management of collective insecurity. The centrality of the criminal act has gradually given way to the construction of dangerous “offender types,” while proceedings concerning criminal organizations have become a testing ground for a differentiated procedural regime based on the so-called dual-track system and on exceptional rules that have progressively expanded beyond their original scope. The result has been a significant curtailment of the presumption of innocence, the right of defence, and the cognitive function of the trial, in favour of an increasingly managerial and productivity-driven model of criminal justice. Only a profound cultural shift—prior to and even more than legislative reform—capable of restoring the trial’s fundamental guarantee function can serve as a bulwark against an otherwise inexorable drift toward punitive populism and security-oriented criminal justice.
Il saggio ripercorre la parabola del processo penale italiano, mostrando come l’originario impianto garantista del codice del 1988 sia stato progressivamente risemantizzato alla luce di esigenze di efficienza e di controllo dell’insicurezza collettiva. La centralità del fatto ha gradualmente ceduto il passo alla costruzione di “tipi d’autore” pericolosi, mentre il processo alle associazioni criminali è divenuto il laboratorio di un diritto processuale differenziato, fondato sul doppio binario e su regole eccezionali destinate a generalizzarsi. Ne risulta una compressione della presunzione di innocenza, del diritto di difesa e del ruolo cognitivo del dibattimento, a vantaggio di una giustizia penale sempre più manageriale e produttivistica. Solo una poderosa svolta culturale, ancor prima che normativa, che restituisca al processo la sua vocazione di garanzia, può operare da argine ad un’altrimenti inarrestabile deriva giustizialista e securitaria.
Crisi delle garanzie ed egemonia dell’efficientismo securitario nel processo penale
Fabrizio Siracusano
2026-01-01
Abstract
This essay traces the evolution of Italian criminal procedure, showing how the original guarantee-oriented framework of the 1988 Code of Criminal Procedure has been progressively reinterpreted in light of demands for efficiency and the management of collective insecurity. The centrality of the criminal act has gradually given way to the construction of dangerous “offender types,” while proceedings concerning criminal organizations have become a testing ground for a differentiated procedural regime based on the so-called dual-track system and on exceptional rules that have progressively expanded beyond their original scope. The result has been a significant curtailment of the presumption of innocence, the right of defence, and the cognitive function of the trial, in favour of an increasingly managerial and productivity-driven model of criminal justice. Only a profound cultural shift—prior to and even more than legislative reform—capable of restoring the trial’s fundamental guarantee function can serve as a bulwark against an otherwise inexorable drift toward punitive populism and security-oriented criminal justice.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


