How Flourishing, Perceived Empathetic Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Social Support Change in Adolescents: A Comparative Study from the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Present

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted adolescents. This study examines the shifts in flourishing, perceived social support, and empathic self-efficacy among adolescents during lockdown and in the present. A sample of 261 Italian adolescents (79.3% female, 20.7% male, aged 13-19) was surveyed. The Flourishing Scale (FS), Perceived Empathic Self-Efficacy Scale (AEP/A), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used. The results revealed a significant decline in well-being during lockdown, with improvements in flourishing, empathic self-efficacy, and social support observed post-lockdown. Gender differences indicated that males reported higher flourishing and friend support levels during lockdown. Younger adolescents exhibited greater flourishing during lockdown. Individuals with high flourishing demonstrated better outcomes across all variables. The mediation model results suggest that perceived empathic self-efficacy mediates the relationship between perceived social support and flourishing. These findings emphasize the critical role of supportive relationships and emotional skills in enhancing adolescent resilience during challenging times.